Downhole blower system with passive radial bearings

ABSTRACT

This disclosure describes various implementations of a downhole-blower system that can be used to boost production in a wellbore. The downhole-blower system includes a blower and an electric machine coupled to the blower that can be deployed in a wellbore, and that can, in cooperation, increase production through the wellbore.

BACKGROUND

Most wells behave characteristically different over time, as well asseasonally, due to geophysical, physical, and chemical changes in thesubterranean reservoir that feeds the well. For example, it is commonfor well production to decline as the well reaches the end of its life.This decline in production is due to declining pressures in thereservoir, and can eventually reach a point where there is not enoughpressure in the reservoir to push production through the well to thesurface. In gas wells, a top side compressor is sometimes used to extendthe life of the well by decreasing pressure at the top of the well. Thisdecrease in pressure decreases the pressure head on the productionflowing to the surface, enabling the well to continue producing when thereservoir pressures have dropped too low to drive the production to thesurface.

SUMMARY

This disclosure describes boosting well production.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described here can be implementedas a downhole-type blower system. A blower can be positioned in awellbore. The blower rotatably drives or is driven by a fluid producedthrough the wellbore. An electric machine can be positioned downhole ofthe blower, the electric machine configured to rotatably drive or bedriven by the blower. A bearing shaft couples the blower and theelectric machine. The bearing shaft transfers rotation between theblower and the electric machine. A passive magnetic radial bearingassembly magnetically supports the bearing shaft.

The bearings shaft is made from a non-magnetic material. The bearingshaft includes a shaft magnet assembly that includes multipleaxially-magnetized magnets. The multiple axially-magnetized magnets areradially imbedded into the bearing shaft. The multipleaxially-magnetized magnets are arranged so that magnet polaritiesalternate along an axis of the bearing shaft. An exterior surface theshaft magnet assembly is substantially flush with an outer surface ofthe bearing shaft. A stator magnet assembly surrounds the bearing shaft.The stator magnet assembly includes multiple stator magnets. Identicalpoles of the multiple stator magnets and the multiple axially-magnetizedmagnets are substantially in line with one another.

The multiple stator magnets are separated from each other by a first setof multiple spacers. The multiple axially-magnetized magnets areseparated from each other by a second set of multiple spacers. The firstplurality of spacers and the second plurality of spacers arenon-magnetic and electrically non-conductive. The plurality of statormagnets and the plurality of axially-magnetized magnets are axiallyoffset from each other.

The passive magnetic radial bearing assembly is a first passive magneticradial bearing assembly. The downhole-type blower system also includes aplurality of passive magnetic radial bearing assemblies thatmagnetically support the bearing shaft. The multiple passive magneticradial bearing assemblies include the first passive mag radial bearingassembly.

An active damper is coupled to the bearing shaft. The damper can damp avibration of the bearing shaft responsive to transferring the rotationbetween the blower and the electric machine. The active damper assemblyincludes a damper magnet coupled to the bearing shaft. The damper magnetis positioned between the plurality of radial bearing assemblies. Thevibration of the bearing shaft induces an induced vibration in thedamper magnet. A first damper magnet pole shoe and a second dampermagnet pole shoe are coupled to a first pole and a second pole,respectively of the damper magnet. The first damper magnet pole shoe andthe second damper magnet pole shoe maintain uniformity of magneticfields generated by the damper magnet. A damper sleeve is positionedover the outer diameters of the damper magnet, the first damper magnetpole shoe, and the second damper magnet pole shoe. Multiple radialvelocity sensing coils are placed in a plane adjacent to the firstdamper magnet pole shoe and coupled to a first pole of the dampermagnet. The multiple radial velocity sensing coils are exposed to amagnetic field emanated from the first pole of the damper magnet. Aradial movement of the damper magnet induces an electrical voltage inthe multiple radial velocity sensing coils. The damper magnet is a firstdamper magnet facing the multiple radial velocity sensing coils with thefirst pole. The system further includes a second damper sensing magnetpositioned axially opposite the multiple radial velocity sensing coilsand oriented to face the plurality of radial velocity sensing coils witha pole opposite the first pole. Multiple radial damper actuator coilsare placed in a second plane adjacent to the second damper magnet poleshoe and coupled to a second pole of the damper magnet. the multipleradial damper actuator coils are exposed to a magnetic field emanatedfrom the second pole of the damper magnet. An electrical current in themultiple radial damper actuator coils causes a force to be exerted onthe damper magnet. The damper magnet is a first damper magnet facing themultiple radial damper actuator coils with the second pole, and whereinthe system further comprises a second damper sensing magnet positionedon axially opposite the plurality of radial damper actuator coils andoriented to face the multiple radial damper actuator coils with a poleopposite the second pole. A first printed circuit board (PCB) caninclude the multiple radial velocity sensing coils. A second printedcircuit board (PCB) can include the multiple radial damper actuatorcoils.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described here can be implementedas a method. a shaft is centrally positioned within a downhole-typeblower system that includes a blower and an electric machine with apassive magnetic bearing assemblies coupled to the shaft and thedownhole-type blower system. The shaft is rotated within thedownhole-type blower system positioned within a wellbore. The shaft isaxially pre-loaded towards a thrust bearing assembly attached to adownhole end of the shaft. The thrust bearing assembly can support thepre-loading.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described here can be implementedas a downhole-type compressor system. A compressor can be positioned ina wellbore. The compressor rotatably drives a fluid produced through thewellbore. An electric machine can be positioned downhole of thecompressor. The electric machine rotatably drives the compressor. Abearing shaft couples the compressor and the electric machine. Thebearing shaft transfers rotation between the compressor and the electricmachine. A passive magnetic radial bearing assembly magneticallysupports the bearing shaft. An active electronic damper assembly iscoupled to the bearing shaft. The damper assembly can damp a vibrationof the bearing shaft responsive to transferring the rotation between thecompressor and the electric machine.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matterdescribed in this specification are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, andadvantages of the subject matter will become apparent from thedescription, the drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an example well system including adownhole blower.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are partial side views of example downhole-type blowersystems in a wellbore.

FIG. 3A is a schematic side view of an example well system includingmultiple downhole blowers.

FIG. 3B is a flowchart of an example process for monitoringcharacteristics of a blower system.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for maintaining substantiallyequal pressures across multiple wellbores in a well system.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example of a process implemented across themultiple wellbores in the well system.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example of a process implemented across twowellbores.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lateral cross-section of adownhole-type blower system.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a lateral cross-section of adownhole-type blower system blower section.

FIG. 9A is a detailed view of a seal assembly.

FIG. 9B is a detailed view of an alternative seal assembly.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a seal-less bearing assembly.

FIG. 11A is a lateral cross-sectional view of a pin bearing assembly.

FIG. 11B is a lateral cross-sectional view of an alternative pin bearingassembly.

FIG. 11C is a lateral cross-sectional view of a lubrication reservoir.

FIG. 11D is a lateral cross-sectional view of an alternative lubricationreservoir.

FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of a detailed lateral cross-sectionalview of an electric machine.

FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of a detailed lateral cross-sectionalview of a passive magnetic bearing assembly.

FIGS. 13A-13D are schematic diagrams of active dampers.

FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram of an electronic damping assembly.

FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram of an electronic damping assembly.

FIG. 15A is a schematic diagram of a top-view of a printed circuitboard.

FIG. 15B is a schematic diagram of a side-view of a printed circuitboard.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example method for utilizing a shaftsupported with passive magnetic bearings.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a lateral cross-section of adownhole-type blower system with a single shaft.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an integrated blower system.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a stator which includes multiplestator sub-assemblies.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a rotor which includes multiple vanesections.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section showing multiplestators and multiple rotors.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart of an example of a process for operating anintegrated blower system.

FIG. 23A is a schematic diagram of a wellbore in which a blower systemis disposed downhole.

FIG. 23B is a schematic diagram of the wellbore in which the seal hasbeen energized in response to receiving power from the electromagneticactuator.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the blower system, the seal assemblyand the electromagnetic actuator being deployed in the wellbore.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the blower system, the seal assemblyand the electromagnetic actuator being deployed in the wellbore.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the suckerrod carrying the sub-assembly.

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a seal being deployed using brakeshoes.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the seal being deployed using othertechniques.

FIG. 29A and FIG. 29B are schematic diagrams of a seal being deployedusing other techniques.

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of the wellbore in which an uphole blowersystem is disposed uphole of the downhole blower system.

FIG. 31 is a flowchart of an example of a process for deploying a sealsurrounding a downhole blower system.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 depicts an example well system 100 constructed in accordance withthe concepts herein. The well system 100 includes a well 102 having awellbore 104 that extends from the terranean surface 106 through theearth 108 to one more subterranean zones of interest 110 (one shown).The well system 100 enables access to the subterranean zones of interest110 to allow recovery, i.e., production, of fluids to the surface 106and, in certain instances, additionally or alternatively allows fluidsto be placed in the earth 108. In certain instances, the subterraneanzone 110 is a formation within the Earth defining a reservoir, but inother instances, the zone 110 can be multiple formations or a portion ofa formation. For simplicity sake, the well 102 is shown as a verticalwell with a vertical wellbore 104, but in other instances, the well 102could be a deviated well with the wellbore 104 deviated from vertical(e.g., horizontal or slanted) and/or the wellbore 104 could be one ofthe multiple bores of a multilateral well (i.e., a well having multiplelateral wells branching off another well or wells).

In certain instances, the well system 100 is a gas well that is used inproducing natural gas from the subterranean zones of interest 110 to thesurface 106. While termed a “gas well,” the well need not produce onlydry gas, and may incidentally or in much smaller quantities, produceliquid including oil and/or water. In certain instances, the productionfrom the well 102 can be multiphase in any ratio, and/or despite being agas well, the well can produce mostly or entirely liquid at certaintimes and mostly or entirely gas at other times. For example, in certaintypes of wells it is common to produce water for a period of time togain access to the gas in the subterranean zone. The concepts herein,though, are not limited in applicability to gas wells or even productionwells, and could be used in wells for producing liquid resources such asoil, water or other liquid resource, and/or could be used in injectionwells, disposal wells or other types of wells used in placing fluidsinto the Earth.

The wellbore 104 is typically, although not necessarily, cylindrical.All or a portion of the wellbore 104 is lined with a tubing, i.e.,casing 112. The casing 112 connects with a wellhead 118 at the terraneansurface 106 and extends downward into the wellbore 104. The casing 112operates to isolate the bore of the well 102, defined in the casedportion of the well 102 by the inner bore 116 of the casing 112, fromthe surrounding earth 108. The casing 112 can be formed of a singlecontinuous tubing or multiple lengths of tubing joined (e.g.,threadingly and/or otherwise) end-to-end. In FIG. 1, the casing 112 isperforated (i.e., having perforations 114) in the subterranean zone ofinterest 110 to allow fluid communication between the subterranean zoneof interest 110 and the bore 116 of the casing 112. In other instances,the casing 112 is omitted or ceases in the region of the subterraneanzone of interest 110. This portion of the wellbore 104 without casing isoften referred to as “open hole.”

The wellhead 118 defines an attachment point for other equipment of thewell system 100 to be attached to the well 102. For example, FIG. 1shows well 102 being produced with a Christmas tree 120 attached thewellhead 118. The Christmas tree 120 includes valves used to regulateflow into or out of the well 102.

FIG. 1 shows a surface compressor 122 residing on the terranean surface106 and fluidly coupled to the well 102 through the Christmas tree 120.The surface compressor 122 can include a variable speed or fixed speedcompressor. The well system 100 also includes a downhole-type blowersystem 124 residing in the wellbore 104, for example, at a depth that isnearer to subterranean zone 110 than the terranean surface 106. Thesurface compressor 122 operates to draw down the pressure inside thewell 102 at the surface 106 to facilitate production of fluids to thesurface 106 and out of the well 102. The downhole blower system 124,being of a type configured in size and robust construction forinstallation within a well 102, assists by creating an additionalpressure differential within the well 102. In particular, casing 112 iscommercially produced in a number of common sizes specified by theAmerican Petroleum Institute (the “API), including 4½, 5, 5½, 6, 6⅝, 7,7⅝, 16/8, 9⅝, 10¾, 11¾, 13⅜, 16, 116/8 and 20 inches, and the APIspecifies internal diameters for each casing size. The downhole blowersystem 124 can be configured to fit in, and (as discussed in more detailbelow) in certain instances, seal to the inner diameter of one of thespecified API casing sizes. Of course, the downhole blower system 124can be made to fit in and, in certain instances, seal to other sizes ofcasing or tubing or otherwise seal to the wall of the wellbore 104.

Additionally, as a downhole type blower system 124, the construction ofits components are configured to withstand the impacts, scraping, andother physical challenges the blower system 124 will encounter whilebeing passed hundreds of feet/meters or even multiple miles/kilometersinto and out of the wellbore 104. For example, the downhole-type blowersystem 124 can be disposed in the wellbore 104 at a depth of up to15,000 feet (4572 meters). Beyond just a rugged exterior, thisencompasses having certain portions of any electronics being ruggedizedto be shock resistant and remain fluid tight during such physicalchallenges and during operation. Additionally, the downhole blowersystem 124 is configured to withstand and operate for extended periodsof time (e.g., multiple weeks, months or years) at the pressures andtemperatures experienced in the wellbore 104, which temperatures canexceed 400° F./205° C. Finally, as a downhole type blower system 124,the blower system 124 can be configured to interface with one or more ofthe common deployment systems, such as jointed tubing (i.e., lengths oftubing joined end-to-end, threadingly and/or otherwise), coiled tubing(i.e., not-jointed tubing, but rather a continuous, unbroken andflexible tubing formed as a single piece of material), or wireline withan electrical conductor (i.e., a monofilament or multifilament wire ropewith one or more electrical conductors, sometimes called e-line) andthus have a corresponding connector (e.g., positioning connector 728discussed below, which can be a jointed tubing connector, coiled tubingconnector, or wireline connector). In FIG. 1, the blower system 124 isshown deployed on wireline 128.

A seal system 126 integrated with the downhole-type blower system 124,as shown, or provided separately, divides the well 102 into an upholezone 130 above the seal system 126 and a downhole zone 132 below theseal system 126. FIG. 1 shows the downhole-type blower system 124positioned in the open volume of the bore 116 of the casing 112, and notwithin or a part of another string of tubing in the well 102. The wallof the wellbore 104 includes the interior wall of the casing 112 inportions of the wellbore 104 having the casing 112, and includes theopen hole wellbore wall in uncased portions of the wellbore 104. Thus,the seal system 126 is configured to seal against the wall of thewellbore 104, for example, against the interior wall of the casing 112in the cased portions of the wellbore 104 or against the interior wallof the wellbore 104 in the uncased, open hole portions of the wellbore104. In certain instances, the seal system 126 can form a gas tight sealat the pressure differential the blower system 124 creates in the well102. In some instances, the seal system 126 of the downhole-type blowersystem 124 seals against the interior wall of the casing 112 or the openhole portion of the wellbore 104. For example, the seal system 126 canbe configured to at least partially seal against an interior wall of thewellbore 104 to separate (completely or substantially) a pressure in thewellbore 104 downhole of the seal system 126 of the downhole-type blowersystem 124 from a pressure in the wellbore 104 uphole of the seal system126 of the downhole-type blower system 124. Although FIG. 1 includesboth the surface compressor 122 and the blower system 124, in otherinstances, the surface compressor 122 can be omitted and the blowersystem 124 can provide the entire pressure boost in the well 102.

In some implementations, the downhole type blower system 124 can beimplemented to alter characteristics of a wellbore by a mechanicalintervention at the source. Alternatively or in addition to any of theother implementations described in this specification, the downhole typeblower system 124 can be implemented as a high flow, low pressure rotarydevice for gas flow in sub-atmospheric wells. Alternatively or inaddition to any of the other implementations described in thisspecification, the downhole type blower system 124 can be implemented ina direct well-casing deployment for production through the wellbore.

The downhole blower system 124 locally alters the pressure, temperature,and/or flow rate conditions of the gas in the wellbore 104 proximate theblower system 124 (e.g., at the base of the wellbore 104). In certaininstances, the alteration performed by the blower system 124 canoptimize or help in optimizing gas flow through the wellbore 104. Asdescribed above, the downhole-type blower system 124 creates a pressuredifferential within the well 102, for example, particularly within thewellbore 104 the blower system 124 resides in. In some instances, apressure at the base of the wellbore 104 is a low pressure (e.g.,sub-atmospheric); so unassisted gas flow in the wellbore can be slow orstagnant. In these and other instances, the downhole-type blower system124 introduced to the wellbore 104 adjacent the perforations 114 canreduce the pressure in the wellbore 104 near the perforations 114 toinduce greater gas flow from the subterranean zone 110, increase atemperature of the gas entering the blower system 124 to reducecondensation from limiting production, and increase a pressure in thewellbore 104 uphole of the blower system 124 to increase gas flow to thesurface 106.

The blower system 124 moves the gas at a first pressure downhole of theblower to a second, higher pressure uphole of the blower system 124. Theblower system 124 can operate at and maintain a pressure ratio acrossthe blower system 124 between the second, higher uphole pressure and thefirst, downhole pressure in the wellbore. The pressure ratio of thesecond pressure to the first pressure can also vary, for example, basedon an operating speed of the blower system 124, as described in moredetail below. In some instances, the pressure ratio across the blowersystem 124 is less than 2:1, where a pressure of the gas uphole of theblower system 124 (i.e., the second, higher pressure) is at or belowtwice the pressure of the gas downhole of the blower system 124 (i.e.,the first pressure). For example, the pressure ratio across the blowersystem 124 can be about 1.125:1, 1.5:1, 1.75:1, 2:1, or another pressureratio between 1:1 and 2:1. In certain instances, the blower system 124is configured to operate at a pressure ratio of greater than 2:1.

The downhole-type blower system 124 can operate in a variety of downholeconditions of the wellbore 104. For example, the initial pressure withinthe wellbore 104 can vary based on the type of well, depth of the well102, production flow from the perforations into the wellbore 104, and/orother factors. In some examples, the pressure in the wellbore 104proximate a bottomhole location is sub-atmospheric, where the pressurein the wellbore 104 is at or below about 14.7 pounds per square inchabsolute (psia), or about 101.3 kiloPascal (kPa). The blower system 124can operate in sub-atmospheric wellbore pressures, for example, atwellbore pressure between 2 psia (13.8 kPa) and 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa).

The blower system 124 is shown schematically in FIG. 1. FIG. 2A is apartial side view of the example blower system 124 disposed in thecasing 112 of the wellbore 104 of FIG. 1. Referring to both FIGS. 1 and2A, the example blower system 124 includes a blower 200, seal system202, and an electric machine 204. The blower 200 includes an inlet 206to receive a gas at the first pressure downhole of the blower 200 and anoutlet 208 to output the gas at the second, higher pressure uphole ofthe blower 200. A blower housing 210 houses an impeller (not shown) influid communication with the inlet 206 to receive the gas from thewellbore 104 at the first pressure downhole of the blower 200 and todirect the gas to the outlet 208 at the second, higher pressure upholeof the blower 200. With the blower system 124 residing in the wellbore104, the inlet 206 is at a downhole end of the blower 200, downhole fromthe seal system 202, and the outlet 208 is at an uphole end of theblower 200 on an opposite side of the seal system 202. In someinstances, the blower system 124 can be positioned in the well with thedownhole inlet 206 positioned adjacent to the perforations 114 in thewellbore 104. For example, the blower 200 can be positioned in thewellbore 104 such that the inlet 206 is disposed next to and immediatelyuphole of the perforations 114 to maximize or improve the gas flow fromthe perforations into the blower 200. In some examples, the inlet 206may not be adjacent to perforations 114, such as the inlet 206 beingpositioned greater than about twenty feet away from the perforations114. In some instances, a speed of the blower 200 is adjusted based onthe gas flow from the subterranean zone into the wellbore 104 (e.g., viaperforations 114). For example, as the gas flow from the subterraneanzone into the wellbore 104 decreases, a speed of the blower 200 canincrease to draw more gas flow from the subterranean zone into thewellbore 104.

The blower system 124 moves the gas from the downhole inlet 206 at thefirst pressure to the uphole outlet 208 at the second, higher pressure.This pressure differential promotes the gas flow to move uphole of theblower system 124, for example, at a higher flow rate compared to a flowrate in a wellbore without a downhole-type blower. The blower 200 canoperate at a variety of speeds, for example, where operating at higherspeeds increases fluid flow, and operating a lower speeds reduces fluidflow. For example, the impeller of the blower 200 can operate at speedsup to 120,000 revolutions per minute (rpm), yet be run at lower speeds(e.g., 40,000 rpm, or other) for a lower flow based on the wellconditions and response. While the blower system has an optimal speedrange at which it is most efficient, this does not prevent the blowersystem from running at less efficient speeds to achieve a desired flowfor a particular well.

The electric machine 204 is connected to the blower 200 to drive theblower 200. The electric machine 204 can include an electric motor, suchas a sensorless motor, a synchronous motor, and/or other electric motortype. For example, the electric motor can include a permanent magnetmotor, a four-pole electric motor, and/or other electric motorarrangement. The electric machine 204 can connect to the blower 200 in avariety of ways. In some examples, the electric machine 204 can includea direct-drive electric motor coupled to a rotor of the blower 200, asdescribed in more detail below, or the electric machine 204 and blower200 can connect without a direct-drive arrangement. For example, theelectric machine 204 can connect to a rotor of the blower 200 on asingle, unitary shaft, with a shaft-rotor coupling or other 1:1 geartrain, without a gearbox, or using another arrangement type, asdescribed in more detail below. In some examples, as explained in moredetail below, the electric machine 204 is an electric motor and agenerator, where the electric machine 204 can operate in an electricmotor mode to provide energy to a blower or a generator mode to receiveenergy from a blower. Although the electric machine 204 is shown in FIG.2A as disposed downhole of the blower 200, the electric machine 204 canbe positioned elsewhere, for example, uphole of the blower 200 orintegral with the blower 200. The electric machine 204 can include amotor housing 214 to house the electric machine 204 (e.g., electricmotor). In some instances, the motor housing 214 surrounds the electricmotor of the electric machine, and absorbs heat (e.g., excess heat) fromthe electric motor during operation of the electric motor. The motorhousing 214 can conduct heat from the electric motor of the electricmachine 204 to the process gas in the wellbore 104, for example, toincrease a temperature of the gas in the wellbore 104 close to and incontact with the motor housing 214. In some examples, the housing 214 isnot thermally insulated from a stator of the electric motor and/or otherheat producing portions of the electric motor. For example, the statorcan be in conductive heat transfer with the housing 214, and in someinstances, touching along its entire length or nearly its entire lengthfins on an exterior of the housing 214, where the fins contact the fluidin the wellbore 104. In certain instances, the portion of the housing214 that contacts the fluid is above the motor, so as heat rises, it istransferred at least in part to the process fluid in the wellbore 104.Increasing the temperature of the gas can decrease a liquid content orcondensation of the process gas entering the blower 200, reduce orprevent a condensation barrier forming in the gas flow path, reduce acondensation of moisture of the gas flow uphole of the blower system124, and/or other benefits of increasing the gas temperature proximatethe motor housing 214.

As shown, the electric machine 204 connects to a power source 216 at thewell terranean surface 106 via conductor wires (not shown) adjacent toor within the conveyance 134 (e.g., wireline 128) extending between theelectric machine 204 and the well surface 106. In some instances, theelectric machine 204 includes a power source integral to or adjacent tothe electric machine 204 to power the electric machine 204 to drive theblower 200. For example, the power source can include the generator, asdescribed both above and below, and/or a local power source (e.g.,battery) disposed downhole in the wellbore 104.

The seal system 202 is like the seal system 126 of FIG. 1, and isolates(substantially or completely) the first pressure downhole of the blowersystem 124 from the second wellbore pressure uphole of the blower system124. The seal system 202 can take a variety of forms. FIG. 2A shows theseal system 202 as including multiple annular disk seals 212 on anexterior of the blower 200 to engage a wall of the casing 112 or an openhole wall of the wellbore 104. An outer diameter of the annular diskseal or seals 212 can be the same (substantially or exactly) or justlarger than an inner diameter of the interior wall of the wellbore orcasing. FIG. 2A shows five disk seals 212, but a different number ofdisk seals 212 can be utilized. For example, the seal system 202 caninclude any number of disk seals 212 (e.g., one, two, four, ten, or anyother number of disk seals). The disk seals 212 can each be made of thesame material, or one or more of the disk seals 212 can be a differentmaterial. The material of the disk seals 212 can vary, for example, tomaintain the seal with the interior wall of the casing 112 or wellbore104 while accounting for a wide range of downhole condition variances,such as temperature, pressure, vibration, and/or other variances. Insome examples, a first disk seal includes a rubber polymer that can sealwith an inner wall of the casing 112 or wellbore 104 while allowing someflex of the first disk seal. For example, a disk seal material caninclude a soft inert material, such as Viton™ or Teflon™. A second diskseal can include leather or Neoprene rubber. Disk seal materials canvary for compatibility with the well gas composition to meet liferequirements, durability and survivability for depth of deployment,toughness in maintaining material and shape during deployment and/orengagement with (e.g., rubbing, sliding, or other) the wall of thewellbore or casing, ability to deal with sand and muck on the wall ofthe wellbore or casing, and/or temperature capability for an installlocation of the well, to name a few. The use of multiple materialsallows benefiting characteristics of each material to be matched withthe well in order to ensure a good seal that can maintain the pressuredifferential between the inlet and the outlet of the blower. Multipledisk seals 212 of different materials can strengthen the gas tight sealbetween the seal system 202 and the inner wall of the casing 112 orwellbore 104, for example, by including multiple materials that canrespond differently to varying wellbore conditions. For example, a firstdisk seal material can be selected for maintaining a gas-tight seal athigh or low temperatures better than other materials, a second disk sealmaterial can be selected for maintaining a gas-tight seal at high or lowpressures better than other materials, a third disk seal material can beselected for maintaining a gas-tight seal at high vibration better thanother materials, and so on. At least one disk seal can be used for atleast one of the variety of wellbore environments that the seal system202 may be exposed to during operation of the blower system 124, such ashigh pressure, low pressure, high temperature, low temperature, highvibration, low vibration, and/or other wellbore environments. In someinstances, the seal system 202 can be different. For example, the sealsystem 202 can include an actuatable annular packer seal configured toengage and seal against the inner surface of the wellbore 104, asdescribed in more detail below.

In the example well system 100 of FIG. 1, the blower system 124 issupported in the wellbore 104 at least in part by a blind conveyance134, which extends from the surface of the well 102 to support theblower system 124. The blind conveyance 134 connects to the blowersystem 124 and supports the blower system 124 within the wellbore 104,and excludes a fluid flow pathway for fluid flow. For example, the blindconveyance 134 excludes a production tubing that connects an interior ofthe production tubing to a gas flow outlet of the blower system 124.Instead, the blind conveyance 134 supports the blower system 124 in thewellbore without taking in the gas flow output from the blower system124. For example, the blind conveyance 134 can include the commondeployment systems discussed above, such as coiled tubing, jointedtubing, or wireline 128. In some instances, the blind conveyance 134includes a seal passageway for electrical conductors extending between asurface of the well 102 and the blower system 124. In the example wellsystem 100 of FIG. 1, the blind conveyance 134 includes the wireline128.

In some instances, as shown in FIG. 2B, the blower system 124 issupported in the wellbore 104 at least in part by a solid stop 218against a wall of the wellbore 104 or casing 112. FIG. 2B is a partialside view of the example blower system 124 disposed in the casing 112 ofthe wellbore 104 of FIG. 1. The blower system 124 of FIG. 2B is the sameas the blower system 124 of FIG. 2A, except that the blower system 124is supported in the wellbore 104 by the solid stop 218. The solid stop218 functions to support the blower system 124 in the wellbore 104 withor without a conveyance from a top surface of the well 102. The solidstop 218 is shown schematically in FIG. 2B, but the solid stop 218 cantake a variety of forms. For example, the solid stop 218 can include acollar stop, a shoulder of the blower assembly 124 configured to engagean annular seat in the casing 112, a spider configured to engage a wallof the wellbore 104 (e.g., the casing 112 and/or other wall), slips thatactuate to grip the wall of the wellbore 104 (e.g., the casing 112and/or other wall), and/or another solid stop type.

The blower system 124 outputs a gas flow uphole of the blower system 124toward the terranean surface 106 of the well 102. The gas flow isoutputted from the blower system 124 to be in contact with the innerwall of the wellbore 104 and/or the inner wall of the casing 104 upholeof the blower system 124. In other words, the gas flow exits the blowersystem 124 to the open bore 116, or an open space of the wellbore 104uphole of the blower system 124. The gas is not collected by a separateconduit positioned within the wellbore or casing. The blower system 124boosts the gas flow within the wellbore 104 toward the well surface, forexample, without conveying the gas flow output from the blower system124 through production tubing or other open conveyance tubing. Instead,the blower system 124 boosts the gas flow within the wellbore 104, wherethe gas flow remains within the open space of the wellbore 104 and incontact with the inner wall of the wellbore 104 or casing 112 as itflows toward the terranean surface 106 of the well 102.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the downhole type blower system 124 canbe implemented for integrated control of topside and downhole blowers.FIG. 3A is a schematic side view of an example well system 300. The wellsystem 300 is like the well system 100 of FIG. 1, except the well system300 includes a second blower system 302 supported in the wellbore 104 onthe wireline 128 uphole of the (first) blower system 124. The secondblower system 302 is positioned in the wellbore 104 between the firstblower system 124 and the surface compressor 122 (e.g., surface blower).In other words, the first blower system 124 and the second blower system302 are disposed in the wellbore 104 in series. Also, the surfacecompressor 122 is disposed in series with the first blower system 124and the second blower system 302, with respect to the gas flow. In amultilateral well, as described in more detail below, the blower systemscan be arranged differently, such as in parallel, or a combination ofparallel and series arrangements of blower systems. The first blowersystem 124 and the second blower system 302 can operate separately orsimultaneously to boost gas flow in the wellbore 104 to the terraneansurface 106 of the well 102 and optimize or help in optimizingproduction through the well system 300. Each blower system creates apressure differential in the wellbore 104 by locally altering the fluidflow, fluid pressures, fluid temperatures, and/or other characteristicsof the fluid flow to optimize or improve the fluid flow through thewellbore 104. Although the well system 300 of FIG. 3A shows twodownhole-type blower systems with a surface compressor 122 outside ofthe wellbore 104, the well system 300 can include additional blowersystems (i.e., three or more) disposed within the wellbore 104, and/orcan omit the surface compressor 122 so the one or more blower systemsresiding in the wellbore 104 provide the entire pressure boost in thewell 102. In some examples, the blower systems are disposed in thewellbore 104 such that a distance between two adjacent blower systems isa maximum distance of 16,000 feet (4880 meters) and a minimum distanceof two feet (0.6 meters) apart from one another. However, the distancebetween the blower systems can vary. For example, the distance betweenthe blower systems can be selected based on an expected or desiredpressure ratio at a downhole location in the wellbore 104. In someexamples, the distance between blower systems can be selected based on apressure head the blower system or systems expect to overcome, forexample, so a lower blower system in the wellbore has enough pressure tocommunicate the fluid flow to an upper blower system (i.e., blowersystem more uphole than the lower blower system). In the example wellsystem 300 of FIG. 3A, the first blower system 124 is nearer to theperforations 114 through which the production fluid (e.g., gas) entersthe wellbore 104 than the terranean surface 106. The second blowersystem 302 of the example well system 300 can be nearer to the surface106 than the perforation 114, or nearer to the perforations 114 than tothe surface 106. However, the locations of the blower systems 124 and302 residing in the wellbore 104 can vary, as described above.

As described above, the first blower system 124 includes a blower, aseal system, and an electric machine. The second blower system 302includes a second blower, a second seal system, and a second electricmachine electrically connected, mechanically connected, or bothelectrically and mechanically connected to the second blower. The secondblower system 302 includes an uphole conveyance attachment at an upholeend of the second blower system 302 to interface with and attach to theconveyance 134 (e.g., wireline 128), and includes a downhole conveyanceattachment at a downhole end of the second blower system 302 tointerface with and attach to the section of the conveyance 134 (e.g.,wireline 128) that extends downhole to the first blower system 124. Forexample, FIGS. 2A and 2B show a conveyance attachment to the firstblower system 124 as a wireline attachment; however, the type ofattachment can vary based on the type of conveyance 134 attaching to therespective blower system. For example, the conveyance attachment on theblower systems 124 or 302 can include a connector for any type ofconveyance (e.g., wireline, coiled tubing, joint tubing, slickline, orother conveyance). The second blower system 302 can also include abypass passageway to house the conductor wires that extend from thesection of the wireline 128 uphole of the second blower system 302through the bypass passageway of the second blower system 302 to thesection of the conveyance 134 (e.g., wireline 128) downhole of thesecond blower system 302. The conductor wires connected to the electricmachine of the first blower system 124 can bypass the second blowersystem 302 as the conductor wires extend from the terranean surface 106of the well 102 to the first blower system 124.

A controller 304 is communicably coupled to the multiple blower systems(e.g., by wired techniques, wireless techniques, combinations of them orotherwise) to monitor characteristics of the gas proximate the blowersystems and/or monitor characteristics of the blower systems, and adjustan operating parameter of the first blower system 124, the second blowersystem 302, or both blower systems. For example, the controller 304 canmeasure a parameter value representative of that parameter (e.g.,temperature, pressure, density, flow, current, voltage, speed, and/orother), compare this measured parameter value against a stored orrecorded value, and make a decision based on a result of the comparison.For example, one or more sensors coupled to the blower systems 124 and302 can sense various operating parameters of the blower systems and thewellbore environment, and transmit signals representing the sensedparameters to the controller 304. In some instances, the controller 302can identify a current or voltage at a respective blower system. Thecontroller 304 is configured to receive signals from the blower systems124 and 302 and/or the one or more sensors, and can send signals to theblower systems 124 and 302 and/or the one or more sensors. In certaininstances, the controller 304 is also communicably coupled to thesurface compressor 122. The controller 304 can be implemented ashardware, software, firmware, processing circuitry, or combinations ofthese. In some instances, the controller 304 can include one or moreprocessors and a computer-readable medium storing instructionsexecutable by the one or more processors to perform operations. FIG. 3Ashows the controller at the terranean surface 10 of the well 102;however, the controller 304 can be implemented at or above the terraneansurface 10, within the wellbore 104, or integrated with the first blowersystem 124 or second blower system 302.

FIG. 3B is a flowchart showing an example process 310 for monitoringcharacteristics in a wellbore, for example, implemented by thecontroller 304 in well system 300. At 312, the controller 304 monitors afirst set of characteristics of the gas proximate the first blowersystem 124, and at 314, monitors a second set of characteristics of thegas proximate the second blower system 302. For example, the controller304 can monitor one or more of pressure, temperature, liquid content, orflow rate of gas immediately downhole of or immediately uphole of thefirst blower system 124 and/or the second blower system 302. Thecontroller 304 monitors these characteristics in real time, for example,to account for the dynamic and changing environment of the reservoirand/or the subterranean zone of interest 110 and the gas entering thewellbore 104 from the reservoir, such as liquid surges, and sudden dropsor increases in pressure from pockets of gas trapped in cavities of thereservoir. Monitoring in real time means that a time interval between atime instant at which one or more characteristics are sensed by theblower sensors or one or more sensors and a time instant at which thesensed characteristics are transmitted to the controller 304 isnegligible, for example, less than 1 second or less than 1 microsecond.In some examples, monitoring in real time includes a continuousmonitoring of a set or sets of characteristics of the gas.

At 316, the controller 304 compares the first set of gas characteristicswith the second set of gas characteristics to determine an operationalstate of the well system 300. For example, by comparing the two sets ofgas characteristics, the controller 304 ensures that either or both ofthe blower systems 124 and 302 are operating at an optimal speed. Basedon the comparison of the first set of characteristics with the secondset of characteristics, and shown at 318, the controller can adjust oneor more operating parameters (e.g., blower speed) of the first blowersystem 124, the second blower system 302, the surface compressor 122, ora combination of these. For example, the controller 304 can adjust(e.g., increase or decrease) the blower speed of the first blower system124 or the second blower system 302 in response to the monitoredpressure, temperature, or other measured characteristics of the gas flowin the wellbore 104. In certain instances, the controller adjusts thespeed of the blower of the first blower system 124 or the second blowersystem 302 by adjusting a voltage and current to the electric machine ofthe first blower system 124 or the second blower system 302. Theadjustment can include a stepped adjustment until a desiredcharacteristic (or characteristics) is reached. For example, theadjustment can include a stepped increase or decrease in blower speeduntil a desired input pressure, output pressure, temperature, or othercharacteristic is reached. In some instances, the adjustment can includea straight adjustment, for example, increasing a blower speed from afirst speed to a second, different speed. The controller can make theseadjustments in real time, for example, immediately in response tochanging wellbore conditions, desired blower system operation, or other.

In some examples, monitoring the first set of characteristics and thesecond set of characteristics includes monitoring a first inlet gaspressure at an inlet of the first blower, monitoring a first outlet gaspressure at an outlet of the first blower, monitoring a second inlet gaspressure at an inlet of the second blower, and monitoring a secondoutlet gas pressure at an outlet of the second blower. Since the firstblower system 124 and the second blower system 302 each create apressure differential in the wellbore 104 at their respective downholelocations, the first inlet gas pressure is less than the first outletgas pressure, and the second inlet gas pressure is less than the secondoutlet gas pressure. In FIG. 3A, the second blower system 302 isadjacently uphole of the first blower system 124. That is, no blowersystem is disposed in the wellbore 104 between the first blower system124 and the second blower system 302. So, during operation of the firstblower system 124 and the second blower system 302, the second outletgas pressure (i.e., the gas pressure uphole of the second blower system302) is greater than the first outlet gas pressure (i.e., the gaspressure uphole of the first blower system 124 and downhole of thesecond blower system 302). In some examples, the second outlet gaspressure is less than or equal to two times the first outlet gaspressure.

In some instances, the controller 304 determines that the outlet (i.e.,uphole) gas pressure of the first blower system 124 and/or the secondblower system 302 is greater than a respective maximum thresholdpressure or less than a respective minimum threshold pressure.Responsively, the controller 304 adjusts the respective blower speed ofthe first blower system 124 and/or the second blower system 302 toachieve a desired pressure in the wellbore 104, for example, between amaximum threshold pressure and a minimum threshold pressure. In certaininstances, the controller 304 continuously adjusts an operatingparameter of at least one of the first blower system 124 or secondblower system 302 to maintain a pressure ratio across the respectiveblower system.

In certain examples, monitoring the first set of characteristics and thesecond set of characteristics can also include monitoring a first inletgas temperature at the inlet of the first blower, monitoring a firstoutlet gas temperature at the outlet of the first blower, monitoring asecond inlet gas temperature at an inlet of the second blower, andmonitoring a second outlet gas temperature at an outlet of the secondblower.

The controller 304 can control output from each blower system in thewellbore 104 to effectively maximize or improve wellbore productionbeing delivered to the wellhead 118. The controller 304 canindependently adjust blower speeds while monitoring pressure,temperature, flow, and other wellbore conditions, and use the monitoredinformation to continuously adjust and balance production through thewellbore 104. In some instances, the well system 300 includes a variablespeed drive (VSD) 306 and/or a variable frequency drive (VFD) 308 toassist the controller 304 in controlling and adjusting operationalparameters of the one or more blower systems in the wellbore 104.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the downhole type blower system 124 canbe implemented to optimize production through multiple wellbores in awell system. To do so blower systems can be installed in respectivewellbores. Sometimes, multiple wellbores are formed in a well system(e.g., a hydrocarbon field) and production fluids (e.g., hydrocarbons,gas, other production fluids or a combination of them) are producedthrough each wellbore. The multiple wellbores feed into a commonmanifold to supply the produced fluids, for example, to a gathererprocess line.

As described below, the wellbore pressure, i.e., the pressure in awellbore to produce the production fluids, is not always equal acrossthe multiple wellbores. In some instances, a wellbore with the lowestwellbore pressure necessitates a throttling of other wellbores, therebylimiting the output of the other wellbores. One option to maintainpressure across the wellbores is to implement a system of valves thatcan be powered to open or close based on the wellbore pressuredifferential across the multiple wellbores. However, doing so canrequire production downtime resulting in loss of production and alsoincur additional cost to install and power the system of valves.

This disclosure describes techniques to maintain equal pressures(substantially or precisely) across the multiple wellbores in the wellsystem to optimize production through the well system. Optimizingproduction through the well system can mean that the production fluidpressure in different wells in the well system can be substantially thesame. Substantially same pressures across the wells can mean that adifference in production fluid pressures between any two wells is withina standard deviation ranging between 1% and 10%. In someimplementations, multiple surface compressors, such as the surfacecompressor 122 described above, can reside on the terranean surface ofthe well system. Each surface compressor can be fluidly coupled to arespective wellbore. Also, in some implementations, a downhole-typeblower, such as the downhole-type blower system 124, can reside in eachwellbore in the well system. Each surface compressor operates to drawdown the pressure inside each wellbore at the surface to facilitateproduction of the fluids to the surface and out of the wellbore. Eachdownhole-type blower assists by creating an additional pressuredifferential within each wellbore.

Each surface compressor can be coupled to (for example, electrically ormechanically or both) an electric machine (e.g., a motor, a generator, amotor-generator or other electric machine) that can operate in either agenerator mode or a motor mode. In a generator mode, the electricmachine receives energy (e.g., rotational energy of the compressorvanes, mechanical energy of compressed fluid, other energy orcombinations of them) from the surface compressor and converts theenergy into electrical energy or power. In a motor mode, the electricmachine provides electrical energy to power the surface compressor.Similarly, each downhole-type blower can also be coupled to an electricmachine.

When a pressure in the wellbore is sufficient to produce productionfluids, each of the surface compressor and the downhole-type blower canprovide energy to their respective electric machine. In turn, eachelectric machine can operate in the generator mode to generate power.When the pressure in the wellbore drops to a level that is insufficientto produce production fluids unassisted, each electric machine canoperate in the motor mode to power the respective surface compressor ordownhole-type blower. The surface compressor or the downhole-type blower(or both) can operate to assist producing the production fluids throughthe wellbore. As described below, the pressures in the multiplewellbores can be monitored, and, based on the monitored pressures, oneor more or all of the electric machines can be operated in either agenerator mode or a motor mode to maintain a substantially equalpressure across the multiple wellbores. By substantially equal pressure,it is meant that the pressure in each wellbore can be greater than orequal to a threshold pressure needed to produce through the wellbore,and the pressure across the multiple wellbores can fall within astandard deviation ranging between 5% and 10%.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system for maintaining substantiallyequal pressures across multiple wellbores in a well system. The wellsystem includes multiple wellbores (e.g., a first wellbore 1A, a secondwellbore 1B, a third wellbore 1C, a fourth wellbore 1D, a fifth wellbore1E, or more or fewer wellbores). Each wellbore is a production wellboresimilar to wellbore 104 and can extend from a surface 106 into ahydrocarbon reservoir 21, for example, in the downhole zone 132. Asdescribed above, production fluids (e.g., hydrocarbons, gas, otherproduction fluids or combinations of them) trapped in the hydrocarbonreservoir 21 can be produced to the surface 106 through the multiplewellbores. A collection manifold 12 can be implemented at the surface106. The collection manifold 12 is fluidically coupled to the multiplewellbores to receive the production fluids produced through the multiplewellbores.

Multiple blower systems (for example, a first blower system 2A, a secondblower system 2B, a third blower system 2C, a fourth blower system 2D, afifth blower system 2E, or more or fewer blower systems) are disposed incorresponding wellbores. In some implementations, each of the blowersystems described above is a downhole blower system that is positionedat a respective downhole location in the respective wellbore. Thewellbore conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, or other wellboreconditions) at a downhole location at which each blower system isdisposed are different from corresponding conditions at a surface 106.Moreover, each downhole location is significantly nearer a bottom of awellbore compared to a top of the wellbore. Each blower system can bedeployed using risers.

Each blower system includes a blower (for example, a first blower 4A, asecond blower 4B, a third blower 4C, a fourth blower 4D, a fifth blower4E, or more or fewer blowers) and an electric machine (a first electricmachine 6A, a second electric machine 6B, a third electric machine 6C, afourth blower 6D, a fifth blower 6E, or more or fewer blowers). Eachelectric machine can drive or be driven by a respective blower to whicheach blower is coupled. As described above, each electric machine canoperate in either a generator mode to generate power in response tobeing driven by the coupled blower or in a motor mode to power thecoupled blower.

A controller 8 is coupled to the multiple blower systems. The controller8 can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, processingcircuitry or combinations of them. In some implementations, thecontroller 8 can include one or more processors and a computer-readablemedium storing instructions executable by the one or more processors toperform operations. The controller 8 can be implemented at or above thesurface 106 or inside one of the wellbores. Exemplary operationsimplemented by the controller 8 are described with reference to FIGS. 5and 6.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example of a process 500 implemented by thecontroller 8 across the multiple wellbores in the well system. At 502,the controller 8 compares a first pressure in the first wellbore 1A toproduce production fluids and a second pressure in the second wellbore1B to produce production fluids. At 504, based on a result of thecomparing, the controller 8 operates either the first blower system 2A(specifically, the first electric machine 6A) or the second blowersystem 2B (specifically, the second electric machine 6B) in either amotor mode or a generator mode to optimize production through the twowellbores.

An example of the process is described in more detail in the context oftwo of the wellbores in the well system with reference to FIG. 6. Theprocess can generally be implemented across more than two or across allthe wellbores in the well system. In some implementations, thecontroller 8 can implement a load-balancing process in which thecontroller 8 compares pressures in the multiple wellbores in the wellsystem, and simultaneously throttles one or more of the wellbores whileincreasing the pressures in one or more other wellbores. To throttle apressure in a high-pressure wellbore, the controller 8 can operate anelectric machine disposed in the high-pressure wellbore in a generatormode. To increase a pressure in a low-pressure wellbore, the controller8 can transmit a portion of electrical energy or power generated byoperating an electric machine in the high-pressure wellbore in agenerator mode to power the electric machine in the low-pressurewellbore.

By implementing the process across the multiple wellbores, thecontroller 8 can control output from each wellbore to effectivelymaximize total wellbore production being delivered to the collectionmanifold 12. The controller 8 can independently adjust blower speedswhile monitoring pressure, flow and other wellbore conditions, and usethe monitored information to continuously adjust and balance productionthrough each wellbore. In this manner, production through multiplewellbores that have a central gathering point, e.g., the centralmanifold 12, can be optimized. Such implementation can maximize thetotal production output of the wells, decrease the cost of interventionand negate a need for a valve system and associated powerinfrastructure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example of a process 600 implemented by thecontroller 8 across two wellbores, e.g., the first wellbore 1A and thesecond wellbore 1B, in the wellbore system. At 602, the first blowersystem 2A is disposed in the first wellbore 1A. At 606, the secondblower system 2B is disposed in the second wellbore 1B.

At 604 and 608, a first pressure in the first wellbore 1A and a secondpressure in the second wellbore 1B, respectively, are monitored. Forexample, one or more sensors (e.g., pressure sensors, flow sensors,other sensors or combinations of them) can be disposed at respectivelocations in each wellbore. The controller 8 can be coupled to each ofthe sensors. The controller 8 can receive sensor values (e.g., pressurevalue, volumetric flow rate, temperature or other sensor values) sensedby each sensor based on which the controller 8 can determine a pressurein each wellbore to produce the production fluids.

At 600, the first pressure and the second pressure are compared. Forexample, the controller 8 can compare the first pressure in the firstwellbore 1A and the second pressure in the second wellbore 1B. In someimplementations, for example, the controller 8 can determine that asecond pressure in the second wellbore 1B is lower than the firstpressure in the first wellbore 1A. For example, each of the firstpressure and the second pressure is sufficient to produce through therespective wellbore; yet, the difference results in a higher rate ofproduction in the first wellbore 1A relative to the second wellbore 1B.In another example, the controller 8 can determine that the firstpressure is greater than a threshold pressure needed to produce throughthe first wellbore 1A and that the second pressure is less than athreshold pressure to produce through the second wellbore 1B. Thethreshold pressure for the first wellbore can be the same as ordifferent from that for the second wellbore.

To optimize production through both wellbores, the controller 8 canimplement operations to increase the second pressure and to throttle thefirst pressure. To do so, at 602, the first blower system is operated ina generator mode to generate power. For example, the controller 8 canoperate the first electric machine 6A in a generator mode, in which, asdescribed above, a flow of production fluid through the first blower 4Acauses the first electric machine 6A to generate electrical energy orpower. In addition, the first blower 4A operates as a power generationexpander that decreases the first pressure in the first wellbore 1A. Inother words, operating the first blower 4A in a generator mode throttlesthe first pressure in the first wellbore 1A.

At 604, at least a portion of the generated power is transmitted to thesecond blower system. For example, the controller 8 transmits at least aportion of the electrical energy or power generated by the firstelectric machine 6A to the second electric machine 6B in the secondwellbore 2B. In some implementations, the multiple electrical machinesin the multiple wellbores are electrically coupled in parallel via acommon direct current (DC) bus 22. The controller 8 can transmitelectrical energy between the different electric machines using the DCbus 22.

At 606, the second blower system is operated in a motor mode using powerfrom the first blower system until the second pressure nears the firstpressure. For example, the controller 8 operates the second electricmachine 6B in a motor mode. In the motor mode, the second electricmachine 6B uses the electrical energy or power received from the firstelectric machine 6A to drive the second blower 4B. The second blower 4Boperates to increase the second pressure in the second wellbore 2B. Thecontroller 8 can continue to throttle the first pressure and increasethe second pressure until the second pressure increases beyond thethreshold pressure to produce through the second wellbore 1B or furtheruntil the production rate through both wells is substantially equal.When this condition is satisfied, the controller 8 ceases to transmitpower from the first electric machine 6A to the second electric machine6B.

Conversely, in response to comparing the first pressure and the secondpressure, the controller 8 can determine that a first pressure in thefirst wellbore 1A is lower than the second pressure in the secondwellbore 1B. To optimize production through both wellbores, thecontroller 8 can implement operations to increase the first pressure andto throttle the second pressure. To do so, at 618, the second blowersystem is operated in a generator mode to generate power. At 620, atleast a portion of the generated power is transmitted to the firstblower system. At 622, the first blower system is operated in a motormode using power from the second blower system until the first pressurenears the second pressure. The controller 8 can continue to throttle thesecond pressure and increase the first pressure until the first pressureincreases beyond the threshold pressure to produce through the firstwellbore 1A or further until the production rate through both wellboresis substantially equal. When this condition is satisfied, the controller8 ceases to transmit power from the second electric machine 6B to thefirst electric machine 6A.

In some implementations, when the pressures in the wellbores are high(i.e., when the pressures are greater than the threshold pressures toproduce through the wellbores), the controller 8 can operate all theblower systems in generator modes. In such implementations, powergenerated by the electric machines in the wellbores can be stored, forexample, in a power system 20 coupled to the controller 8.

In some implementations, when the pressures in the wells are low (i.e.,when the pressures are less than the threshold pressures to producethrough the wellbores), the controller 8 can operate all the blowersystems in generator modes. To do so, the controller 8 can route powerstored in the power system 20, for example, through the DC bus 22, toeach blower system in each wellbore. In this manner, a total micro-gridof power is formed when the pressures in the wellbores are high and usedto assist production when the pressures drop to below thresholdpressures.

In addition to the multiple downhole blower systems described above,multiple uphole blower systems (for example, a first uphole blowersystem 14A, a second uphole blower system 14B, a third uphole blowersystem 14C, a fourth uphole blower system 14D, a fifth uphole blowersystem 14E, or more or fewer blower systems) can be disposed incorresponding wellbores. The uphole blower systems can be disposeduphole of corresponding downhole blower systems, e.g., at or nearer thesurface 106 compared to the downhole ends of the wellbores. Each upholeblower system includes a blower (for example, a first uphole blower 16A,a second uphole blower 16B, a third uphole blower 16C, a fourth upholeblower 16D, a fifth uphole blower 16E, or more or fewer blowers) and anelectric machine (a first uphole electric machine 18A, a second upholeelectric machine 18B, a third uphole electric machine 18C, a fourthuphole blower 18D, a fifth uphole blower 18E, or more or fewer blowers).Each electric machine can drive or be driven by a respective blower towhich each blower is coupled.

Similar to each downhole blower system, each uphole electric machine canoperate in either a generator mode to generate power in response tobeing driven by the coupled uphole blower or in a motor mode to powerthe coupled uphole blower. The uphole blower systems (e.g., the upholeelectric machines) can be coupled to the controller 8, for example, viathe DC bus 22. Based on monitored pressures in the wellbores, thecontroller 8 can operate one or more or all of the uphole electricmachines in a generator mode or a motor mode to optimize productionthrough the wellbores by implementing techniques similar to thosedescribed above with reference to the downhole blower systems.

In sum, implementing the techniques described in this disclosure canoptimize wellbore output, optimize use of multiple types of equipmentand operate equipment in cooperation rather than independently resultingin increased efficiency.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the downhole type blower system 124 canbe implemented using bearings and seals. FIG. 7 shows a schematic, halfcross-sectional view of the example downhole-type blower system 124described above. As discussed above, the downhole-type blower system 124is a cylindrical body that can be positioned within the wellbore 104,and includes both a blower 708 and an electric machine 718. The blower708 includes a fluid stator 710 and a fluid rotor 712 that is centrallylocated radially within and carried by the fluid stator 710. The fluidstator 710 is generally long and cylindrical with a cavity in itscenter. The fluid rotor 712 is also generally long and cylindrical andis carried in such a way that a longitudinal axis of the fluid stator710 coincides with a longitudinal axis of the fluid rotor 712. In theillustrated implementation, the fluid rotor 712 is supported to rotatewithin the fluid stator 710 by a blower bearing assembly 702 a and ablower bearing assembly 702 b on each end of fluid rotor 712. The blowerbearing assemblies 702 a and 702 b are protected from a downholeenvironment 732 by a bearing assembly seal 704 a and a bearing assemblyseal 704 b, respectively. A more detailed implementation of the blowersection 708 is described with reference to FIG. 8.

The fluid stator 710 includes multiple stator vanes 736circumferentially spaced apart around the internal circumference of thestator's inner surface and extending radially inward from the statorinner surface. The stator vanes 736 direct the flow through an annularspace between the fluid stator 710 and the fluid rotor 712 called theblower annulus 738. The fluid rotor 712 also includes multiple rotorblades 734. The rotor blades 734 are circumferentially spaced apartaround the outer circumference of the fluid rotor 712 and extendradially outward from the rotor outer surface. As the fluid rotor 712spins, the blades 734 impart kinetic energy on the wellbore gas toincrease the pressure downstream of the fluid rotor 712. As fluid passesthrough the blower section 708, the stator vanes 736 help to guide thefluid flow and improve the efficiency of the blower section 708. In someimplementations, the wellbore gas can impart kinetic energy on the fluidrotor 712 and cause the fluid rotor 712 to rotate. The blower section708 can include multiple stages. Each stage can include one set of rotorblades 734 and one set of stator vanes 736. The pressure ratio acrosseach stage is cumulative.

The electric machine 718, which is positioned downhole of the blower708, includes an electric stator 716 and an electric rotor 720 that iscentrally positioned within and carried by the electric stator 716. Incertain instances, the electric machine 718 is a permanent magnetelectric machine where the rotor 720 is a permanent magnet rotor havingrotor core with a multiple permanent magnets arranged around itsexterior to define two or more magnetic poles. Although described hereinin connection with a permanent magnet machine, the electric machine neednot be a permanent magnet machine, and could be another type. Forexample, the rotor could be a wound rotor, a squirrel-cage rotor, or anyother electric machine rotor. The electric machine 718 can be utilizedas either a motor or a generator. The electric machine 718 can be asynchronous electric machine, an induction electric machine, a brushedelectric machine, or any other type of electric machine that is capableof converting electrical energy into rotational energy or vice versa. Inthe illustrated implementation, the permanent magnet rotor 720 iscentrally supported radially to rotate within the electric stator 716 byan electric machine bearing assembly 706 a and an electric machinebearing assembly 706 b on each end of permanent magnet rotor 720. Theelectric stator 716 is generally long and cylindrical with a cavity inits center. The electric rotor 720 is also generally long andcylindrical and is carried in such a way that a longitudinal axis of theelectric stator 716 coincides with a longitudinal axis of the electricrotor 720. In some implementations, a thrust bearing 724 can be includedat the downhole end of the permanent magnet motor 720. The thrustbearing is oriented to support an axial load in a downhole direction.The electrical machine is fluidically isolated from the wellbore 104. Asa result, the electrical-machine bearing assemblies 706 a and 706 b donot require the protection of seals and are left unsealed. The bearingassembly seals 704 a and 704 b protect the blower bearing assemblies 702a and 702 b from the downhole environment 732.

The electric machine 718 also includes an electrical winding. Theelectric winding is connected to a topside facility with a power cable.The power cables can be connected to a control circuit The controlcircuit can send an electrical current downhole through the power cableand to the electric machine 718. The current induces a torque on thepermanent magnet rotor 720 and causes the permanent magnet rotor 720 torotate. The electrical current can be a direct current, alternatingcurrent, or a multiple phase alternating current. In suchimplementations where one or more phases of alternating current is used,the speed of rotation is proportional to a frequency of the alternatingcurrent. In some implementations, the permanent magnet rotor 720 mayreceive a torque input from outside of the electric machine 718, such asfrom fluid flowing through the blower section 708. In such an instance,the fluid flow can induce a rotation within the fluid rotor 712 whichcan be transmitted to the electric rotor 810 through a coupling 714. Insuch instances, the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor 720 inducesan alternating current within the electric windings of the electricstator 716, i.e., the electric machine 718 generates electricity. Thecurrent is directed uphole to a control circuit located at a topsidefacility through the power cable. The frequency of the alternatingcurrent is proportional to the rate of rotation of the permanent magnetrotor 720. In some implementations, the control circuit can include avariable frequency drive (VFD) 308 of a variable speed drive (VSD) 306.

In the illustrated implementation, the blower 708 and the electricmachine 718 are constructed and balanced separately. That is, the blower708 and electric machine are separate, isolated machines that areconnected when the downhole-type blower is fully assembled. As a result,the fluid rotor 712 and the permanent magnet rotor are connected with acoupling 714. The coupling 714 connects the downhole end of the fluidrotor 712 to the uphole end of the permanent magnet rotor 720. Thecoupling 714 is used to help absorb any misalignment that may occurbetween the fluid rotor 712 and the permanent magnet rotor 720 duringassembly. The coupling 714 can be a flex pack, a simple hub, a diskcoupling, a spline coupling, or any known coupling. The coupling 714 ishoused in a separate compartment from the blower section 708 and iswithin the sealed section of the downhole-type blower system 124; thatis, the coupling 714 is fluidically isolated from the wellbore 104 Thecoupling 714 has sufficient strength to transfer torque between thefluid rotor 712 and the permanent magnet rotor 720.

The downhole-type blower system 124 can also include a positioningconnector 728 at the uphole end of the downhole-type blower system 124,a secondary wellbore seal 726 radially extending out from the outersurface of the downhole type blower system 124, a centralizer 730extending radially out from the outer surface of the downhole-typeblower system 124, and a sensor suite 722 located at the downhole end ofthe downhole-type compressor 124. The positioning connector 728 can beused to position the downhole-type blower within the wellbore 104 andretrieve the downhole-type compressor 124 from the wellbore 104. Thepositioning connector 728 can be configured to connect to coiled tubing,jointed tubing sucker pump rods, wireline or any other method ofdeployment. The positioning connector 728 can be configured differentlybased on the deployment method. For example, if sucker rod is used, thepositioning connector 728 can be threaded to allow the sucked rod to bedirectly attached to the connector. If a wireline deployment is used,the positioning connector 728 could be a latch or other similarattachment. The secondary wellbore seal 726 is made of a soft inertmaterial, such as Viton™ or Teflon™, and provide a secondary seal inaddition to other primary sealing methods discussed within thisdisclosure. The centralizers 730 can be made of either metal or a stiffpolymer and are shown shaped as a leaf-spring. Multiple centralizers arecircumferentially equally spaced around the downhole-type blower system124 and at least partially centralize the downhole-type blower withinthe wellbore 104. Centralization within the wellbore 104 helps ensureeven gas flow around the electric machine 718 and an even gas flowwithin the blower 708. An even gas flow across the electric stator 6-616of the electric machine 718 ensures adequate cooling of the electricmachine 718 during operation. An even gas flow through the blower 708ensures an even load distribution on the fluid bearing assemblies 702 aand 702 b. Both of these factors help increase the life of thedownhole-type blower system 124.

In some implementations, such as the implementation of a blower sectionshown in FIG. 8, the blower section 708 can include a segmented fluidstator 800 that includes multiple axially stacked, clamped togethersegments 802, stacked against one another. Such an implementationincludes the stacked stator segment 802, stacked rotor segments 808located within the stacked stator segments 802, a blower shaft 812centrally located within the stacked rotor segments 808, a splinecoupling 806 at the downhole end of the fluid rotor 712, and a guide pin810 located on the outer casing. The stacked-stator implementation hasseveral benefits, particularly during assembly. Assembling stackedstator segments 802 and stacked rotor segments 808 one piece at a timesignificantly reduces weight during each assembly step. Such a processallows the rotor to be completed independent of the stator, where thestator stages are then built around the rotor for a simplified and lowercost build process. Any adjustment for alignment can be determined asthe stages are stacked via shims to ensure the unit is aligned withrotor to stator blade clearances for optimal performance.

Each stator segment 802 is configured to stack against one another witha stator segment lip 816 that centers each stator segment 802 oncestacked. The stator segments 802 are held together by one or more statorbolts 804. Each stator segment has one or more bolt holes 818 near theouter edge of the stator segment that allows the stator bolt 804 to passthough the stator segment 802. A final stator segment 820 is shownincluding a hole that does not fully pass through the stator segment,with threads for the stator bolt 804 to engage with. The outer casingcan also include one or more guide pins 810. The guide pin 810 allowsthe fluid stator 710 to be aligned with the electric machine 718 duringassembly. The guide pin 810 also prevents the fluid stator 710 to rotaterelative to the electric machine stator 716. The stacked stator segments802 can define the outer casing of the blower section 708.

The fluid rotor 712 can also include multiple rotor segments 808 thatare designed to stack against one another with a rotor segment shoulder814. Each rotor segment 808 has a central hole and are stacked upon oneanother around a blower shaft 812 that passes through the central hole.The rotor segments 808 are held in place by any method known in the art,such as press fitting, thermal fitting, or bolting. The illustratedimplementation shows the blower shaft 812 with a threaded connection atone end that threads securely into a final rotor section. Such animplementation holds the rotor segments 808 together with a clampingforce similar to how the stator segments 802 are held together in theillustrated implementation. In other implementations, a tie-bolt, gearedteeth, keyed sections, or any combination of the methods previouslylisted can be used to mount the rotor segments 808. Torque can betransferred to or from the fluid rotor 712 through the spline coupling806. The spline coupling 806 maintains radial alignment, but allows foraxial movement. Such movement may be experienced due to thermal growthduring operation. The spline coupling 806 connects the downhole end ofthe fluid rotor 712 to an uphole end of the permanent magnet rotor 720.In some implementations, the number of rotor segments 808 correspondswith the number of blower stages. During assembly of the blower section708, the rotor segments 808 and stator segments 802 should be assembledin an alternating sequence.

As previously described, the bearing assembly seals 704 a and 704 bprotect the blower bearing assemblies 702 a and 702 b from contact withfluids from the downhole environment 732 in order to protect a bearinggrease from being stripped from the blower bearing assembly, such asbearing assembly 702 a or 702 b. In other words, the grease can flashoff to the wellbore environment 732 and leave the blower bearingassemblies 702 a and 702 b dry. A dry blower bearing assembly 702 a or702 b can lead to a decreased lifespan of the downhole blower system124. The grease in the blower bearing assemblies 702 a and 702 b helpabsorb heat and prevents particulates, such as sand, from damaging theblower bearing assembly 702 a or 702 b. The grease can be designed forthe downhole environment 732 to provide a minimum level of lubricationfor the blower bearing assemblies 702 a and 702 b over the life of thedownhole blower system 124.

FIG. 9A shows a schematic diagram of an example of either seal 704 a (orseal 704 b) that can be utilized for fluid bearing assembly 702 a (orfluid bearing assembly 702 b, respectively). The bearing assembly 702 acan include an inner race 912 attached to and surrounding the blowershaft 812, an outer race 914 attached to a bearing housing 908 andsurrounding the blower shaft 812, and a ball 910 positioned between theinner race 912 and the outer race 914. The seal 704 a is positionedbetween the bearing assembly 702 a (or the bearing assembly 702 b orboth) and the downhole environment 732. No unsealed routes for fluidingress to the bearings exist except for the flow path protected by theseals 704 a and 704 b. In the illustrated implementation, the seal 704 a(or the seal 704 b or both) is a labyrinth seal. Labyrinth seals work byforcing gas through a tortuous path that causes high pressure drop andlow flow across the seal. In some implementations, the seal path may befilled sufficiently with a grease 906 to completely fill the seal pathand further improve the sealing ability of seal 704 a.

In the illustrated implementation, the seal 704 a includes both an upperseal section 916 and a lower seal section 918. The lower seal section918 is attached to the blower shaft 812 and spins with the blower shaft812 while the upper seal section 916 is attached to the bearing housing908 and remains stationary. The clearances between the upper sealsection and the lower seal section are selected to provide anappropriate level of sealing for the required life expectancy of thebearings; that is, the clearances are designed such that the clearancesregulate an exposure to the well fluids that the bearings can tolerate.Such tight clearances help mitigate gas migration towards the bearings.The grease 906 inserted within this gap to further reduce the clearance.In some implementations, the grease 906 can provide lubrication as well.This can be useful if tight machining tolerances cause rubbing with theseal 704 a.

The bearing assembly 702 a is a mechanical bearing, such as a ballbearing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, roller bearing, or any othermechanical bearing. A ball bearing assembly reduces friction and allowsthe blower shaft 812 to experience a shaft rotation 902 when a torque isapplied to the fluid rotor 712. While the ball bearing assembly isimplemented primarily for radial loads, it may be configured to takesome axial thrust loads as well. The inner race 912, outer race 914, andball 910 can be made out of high-grade steel or a similar metal that isresistant to spalling and galling. Such bearings can also include agrease designed for the downhole environment 732. The grease can alsoprovide cooling and lubrication to the bearing assembly 702 a. In someimplementations, the bearing assembly 702 a can include a ball cage (notshown). A ball cage is used to evenly space a plurality of balls 910within the inner race 912 and outer race 914. The ball cage is typicallymade of a softer metal than the ball 910, inner race 912, or outer race914. Such a metal may, in certain instances, include a bronze alloy.While this section primarily discusses a ball bearing assembly, otherradial bearings may be used in certain implementations, such as passivemagnetic bearings. Other bearing types will be discussed in a latersection of this disclosure.

FIG. 9B shows an alternative implementation of seal 704 a (or 704 b). Inthe illustrated implementation, the labyrinth seal is configured to sealagainst gas flowing parallel to the blower shaft 812 rather thanperpendicular as was shown in FIG. 9A. This implementation stillincludes a bearing assembly 702 a (or the bearing assembly 702 b). Thebearing assembly 702 a is substantially similar to the bearing assembly702 a described above with reference to FIG. 9A.

In the implementation illustrated in FIG. 9B, the seal 704 a includes asingle seal with multiple teeth 920 that are biased against an ingressflow to the bearing assembly. The seal is attached to the bearinghousing and remains stationary during operation. In someimplementations, the illustrated labyrinth seal may be installed as acartridge to allow for easy change-out in the field. Such a seal 704 acan be made of soft metals, such as aluminum, or chemically resistantpolymers, such as Teflon™ or Viton™. The clearances between the teeth920 and the shaft 812 are selected to provide an appropriate level ofsealing for the required life expectancy of the bearings; that is, theclearances are designed such that the clearances regulate an exposure tothe well fluids that the bearings can tolerate. Such tight clearanceshelp mitigate gas migration towards the bearings. In someimplementations, the seal path may be filled sufficiently with a grease906 to completely fill the seal path and further improve the sealingability of seal 704 a. In some implementations, the grease 906 canprovide lubrication as well. Such lubrication can be useful if tightmachining tolerances cause rubbing with the seal 704 a.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative implementation ofeither the bearing assembly 702 a or 702 b. In the illustratedimplementation, the seal, such as either seal 704 a or 704 b is notincluded. The bearing assembly 702 a still includes the inner race 912attached to and surrounding the blower shaft 812, the outer race 914attached to the bearing housing 908 and surrounding the blower shaft812, and a coated ball 1010 positioned between the inner race 912 andthe outer race 914. In the illustrated implementation, the coated ball1010 is coated with a soft material that breaks-up or offerslow-friction characteristics when the bearing assembly is under load andprovides lubrication to the bearings. Such coatings can include a leadalloy, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, or any other soft, low friction,or lubricating coating. In some implementations, the inner race 912,outer race 914, or both, could also be coated.

In such an implementation, the inner race 912, outer race 914, and ball1010 can still be made out of high-grade steel or a similar metal thatis resistant to spalling and galling, but the ball 1010 is coated with asoft, lubricating substance. The lubricating substance breaks off of theball 1010 during operations of the downhole-type blower system 124 andcoats the inner race 912, outer race 914, and ball 1010 to provide alow-friction coating that acts to lubricate the bearing assembly 702 a.Such an implementation has distinct advantages over grease basedlubrication. For example, grease based lubricants can flash off inlow-pressure hydrocarbon-rich environments, such as downhole environment732. Such flashing can lead to dry bearings and shorten the life of thedownhole blower system 124. Such flashing does not occur with softcoatings, such as lead or graphite. The soft coatings are able to stayin place and provide lubrication for the life of the downhole blowersystem 124. In some implementations, a seal, such as seal 704 a or 704b, may be used to provide additional protection to bearing assembliesutilizing the ball 1010, but the sealing provided is not as critical aspreviously discussed bearing implementations.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the downhole-type blower system 124 canbe implemented using a pin bearing for axial force and rotor positioncontrol. As mentioned previously, the downhole-type blower system 124can include a thrust bearing 724 on the downhole end of the permanentmagnet rotor 720. The thrust bearing 724 supports the axial load of therotating components with the downhole-type blower system 124 duringoperation and while the downhole-type blower 124 sits idle with thewellbore 104. The thrust bearing 724 can be used to position thepermanent rotor 720 or the fluid rotor 712 axially within theirrespective housings during assembly as well. In contrast, the radialbearings, such as electric machine bearing assembly 706 b, only provideradial support to a rotor, such as the permanent magnet rotor 720. Insome implementations, the bearing assembly 706 b can be a passivemagnetic radial bearing, such an implementation is described later inFIG. 12A. In some implementations, the thrust bearing 724 can include apin bearing. Such a pin bearing can utilize a lubrication system. Aspreviously mentioned, bearing lubrication can flash off in a downholeenvironment 732, especially when the downhole environment 732 has asub-atmospheric pressure. A dry bearing can cause overheating, warping,and seizing of the permanent magnet rotor 720. Such situations canreduce the life of downhole-type blower system 124. In someimplementations, it may be more economical to utilize a lubricationsystem to continuously replenish lubricant rather than a protectivebearing assembly seal, such as seal 704 a or 704 b, that slows the lossof lubrication.

FIG. 11A shows a schematic drawing of an example pin bearing 1100A. Thepin bearing 1100A includes a rotor extension 1102 a, extending axiallyfrom the downhole end 1101 of the permanent magnet rotor 720, areservoir housing 1106, a recess 1116 capable of receiving the rotorextension 1102 a and positioned at an uphole end of the reservoirhousing 1106, a cap 1104 positioned at the downhole end of the reservoirhousing 1106, a lubricant reservoir 1110 within the reservoir housing1106, a spring 1108 located within the reservoir housing 1106, and alubricant flow path 1112 that connects the lubricant reservoir 1110 tothe curved recess 1116. The rotor extension 1102 a can be any shape thatis appropriate for supporting a thrust load of a rotating shaft, suchshapes can include a semi-spherical shape, a curved shape, a truncatedcone, or any other axisymmetric shape. The recess 1116 is appropriatelyshaped to receive and support the rotor extension 1102 a. In someimplementations, a reversal of axial thrust is possible. Such an eventcan unseat the pin bearing assembly 724. Unseating the pin bearingassembly can result in bearing damage and reduced life of thedownhole-type blower system 124. A thrust reversal can occur duringtransportation or during a surge event during operation of thedownhole-type blower system 124. Such a thrust reversal can be mitigatedby a bumper 1124 positioned at an uphole end of a shaft. The bumper 1124can be made of Teflon™, Viton™, rubber, or any other resilient materialthat is softer than the shaft material. The bumper 1124 can provide atleast a partial pre-load towards the thrust bearing 724. In someimplementations, the bumper 1124 can include a spring to provide thepre-load force.

The pin bearing 1100A receives a thrust load 1122 in the downholedirection from the rotating components of the downhole-type blowersystem 124 through the permanent magnet rotor 720. The spring 1108applies a force to the lubricant reservoir 1110 to pressurize alubricant 1118 within the lubricant reservoir 1110. The pressurizedlubricant flows through a flow channel 1112 to the curved recess 1116where the lubricant 1118 is deposited as a thin oil film 1120 betweenthe surface of the curved recess 1116 and the curved rotor extension1102 a. The flow channel 1112 and spring 1108 regulate a flowrate of thelubricant such that the thin oil film 1120 does not dry out. The spring1108 regulates the flowrate by setting a pressure within the lubricantreservoir 1110 while the lubricant flow path 1112 regulates the flowrateby applying a constant pressure drop across the flow path. The pressuredrop is configured based on the effective diameter and length of thelubricant flow path 1112. The lubrication reservoir 1110 is sized suchthat there is sufficient lubrication 1118 to last the lifetime of thedownhole-type blower system 124. Such a lifetime may be, for example,greater than 2 years. In some implementations, the reservoir may have acapacity 0.25 cubic inches. The reservoir size can be tailored to suitthe needs of any specific application. A number of lubricant types canbe used in the lubricant reservoir 1110, such as oil or grease.

FIG. 11B shows a schematic drawing of an example alternative pin bearing1100B. The pin bearing 1100B includes a ball 1102 b positioned between arotor indentation 1120 t and extends into the downhole end 1101 of thepermanent magnet rotor 720, a reservoir housing 1106, a thrustindentation 1114 and positioned at an uphole end of the reservoirhousing 1106, a cap 1104 positioned at the downhole end of the reservoirhousing 1106, a lubricant reservoir 1110 within the reservoir housing1106, a spring 1108 located within the reservoir housing 1106, and alubricant flow path 1112 that connects the lubricant reservoir 1110 tothe semi-spherical recess 1116. The rotor indentation 1120 can be anyshape that is appropriate for supporting a thrust load of a rotatingshaft against the ball 1102 b, such shapes can include a semi-sphericalshape. The recess 1116 is appropriately similarly shaped to receive andsupport the ball 1102 when it is under load. In some implementations,the recess 1116 and the indentation 1114 may not be fullysemi-spherical; rather, they may just partially conform to the curve ofthe ball 1102 b.

The pin bearing 1100B receives a thrust load 1122 in the downholedirection from the rotating components of the downhole-type blowersystem 124 through the permanent magnet rotor 720. The spring 1108applies a force to the lubricant reservoir 1110 to pressurize alubricant 1118 within the lubricant reservoir 1110. The pressurizedlubricant flows through a flow channel 1112 to the semi-spherical recess1116 where the lubricant 1118 is deposited as a thin oil film 1120between the surface of the semi-spherical recess 1116 and pin ball1102B. The flow channel 1112 and spring 1108 regulate a flowrate of thelubricant such that the thin oil film 1120 does not dry out. The spring1108 regulates the flowrate by setting a pressure within the lubricantreservoir 1110 while the lubricant flow path 1112 regulates the flowrateby applying a constant pressure drop across the flow path. The pressuredrop is configured based on the effective diameter and length of thelubricant flow path 1112. The lubrication reservoir 1110 is sized suchthat there is sufficient lubrication 1118 to last the lifetime of thedownhole-type blower system 124. Such a lifetime may be, for example,greater than 2 years. A number of lubricant types can be used in thelubricant reservoir 1110, such as oil or grease.

While the illustrated implementations show a metal spring 1108, othertypes of springs or pressurizers can be used to pressurize reservoir1110. FIG. 11C shows an implementation where an air spring 1109 a may beused in place of a metal spring. In some implementations, such as theillustrated implementation in FIG. 11D, the lubricant 1118 may be storedand pressurized by a pressurized bladder 1109 b, similar to a balloon.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the down-hole type blower system 124can be implemented using a passive radial bearing. As previouslydiscussed, some implementations of the down-hole type blower system 124can utilize either passive or active magnetic radial bearings in bearingassemblies 702 a, 702 b, 706 a, and 706 b. An active magnetic bearingutilizes electromagnets positioned around either a ferrous shaft or ashaft with permanent magnets embedded within the shaft. Theelectromagnets are controlled with an active control system to adjust ashaft position and damp any vibrations that may occur during operation.A passive magnetic bearing utilizes permanent magnets of identicalpolarities in both a shaft and a stator to magnetically support a shaft.Typically, a separate damping system is needed for passive magneticbearings. Such an example utilizing passive magnetic bearings isillustrated in FIG. 12A. FIG. 12A shows an example of the electricmachine 718. In the illustrated implementation, bearing assembly 706 bincludes a set of ball bearings while bearing assembly 706 a includes apassive magnetic radial bearing assembly 1200. The passive magneticradial bearing assembly 1200 suspends the permanent magnet rotor 720within the electric stator 716 with a magnetic field. In such animplementation, the permanent magnet rotor 720 does not come intocontact with the housing. In some implementations, an active electronicdamping assembly 1300 can be included in the downhole-type blower system124. The active electronic damping assembly 1300 damps vibrations causedby a rotation 902 of a shaft of the downhole-type blower system 124.

The passive radial magnetic bearing assembly 1200 is shown in greaterdetail in FIG. 12B. The passive magnetic bearing assembly 1200 includesa bearing shaft 1202. Bearing shaft 1202 can be included within eitherthe fluid rotor 712 or the permanent magnet rotor 720. The bearing shaft1202 is made of a non-magnetic material and includes a shaft magnetassembly 1224 which includes of individual axially-magnetized magnets(1204, 1220, 1216 and 1214 in this example) that are radially imbeddedinto the bearing shaft 1202 and each separated by a non-metallic,non-magnetic spacer 1236. In some implementations, the exterior surfaceof the shaft magnet assembly 1224 is substantially flush with the outersurface of the bearing shaft 1202 within standard machining tolerances.The shaft magnet assembly 1224 can be connected to the shaft byadhesive, slot fits, ring fits, an external sleeve, or any other mannersof connection. The individual magnets within the shaft magnet assembly1224 can be arranged so that the magnet polarities alternate along theshaft axis. For example, a first shaft magnet 1204 may have a north poletowards a downhole direction, a second shaft magnet 1220 may have anorth pole towards an uphole direction, a third shaft magnet 1216 mayhave a north pole towards a downhole direction, and a fourth shaftmagnet 1214 may have a north pole towards an uphole direction. In someimplementations, the individual magnets within the shaft magnet assembly1224, such as the first shaft magnet 1204, the second shaft magnet 1220,the third shaft magnet 1216, and the fourth shaft magnet 1214 shown inFIG. 12B, may each be composed of multiple smaller magnets of similarpolarities.

The illustrated passive magnetic bearing 1200 also includes a statormagnet assembly 1226. The stator magnet assembly 1226 can be installedin a non-magnetic housing or holder and connected to either the fluidstator 710 or the electric stator 716 and surround the bearing shaft1202. Each of magnets in stator magnet assembly 1226, such as magnets1206, 1208, 1210 and 1212 in the example shown in FIG. 12B, areseparated by the non-magnetic, electrically-conductive, spacers 1230.The stator spacer 1230 can act to generate eddy currents when an inducedmagnetic field changes as a result of a relative motion between themagnet rotor 720 and the stator magnet assembly 1226. The eddy currentsact to oppose the change in the magnetic field and create a passivedamping of a rotor radial vibration. The magnets within the shaft magnetassembly 1224 and the stator magnet assembly 1226 can be arranged sothat that the identical poles of the individual magnets inside the shaftmagnet assembly 1224 and the stator magnet assembly 1226 aresubstantially in line with one another. For example, a first statormagnet 1206 may have the same polarity as the first shaft magnet 1204, asecond stator magnet 1208 may have the same polarity as the second shaftmagnet 1220, a third stator magnet 1210 may have the same polarity asthe third shaft magnet 1216, and a fourth stator magnet 1212 may havethe same polarity as the fourth shaft magnet 1214. In someimplementations, the individual stator magnets can be made-up ofmultiple smaller magnets having a similar polarity. Having magnets ofsimilar polarities in proximity to one another creates a repulsion forcethat keeps the bearing shaft 1202 radially suspended within the statormagnet assembly 1226. While the shaft 1202 is suspended, the shaft 1202can have a rotation 902 about a longitudinal axis 1232 that is notreduced by a surface-to-surface friction.

In some instances, the multiple shaft magnets and multiple statormagnets can be arranged in such a way as to create an axial force 1218,which could be directed either towards a thrust bearing, resulting in anadditional thrust pre-load, or away from the thrust bearing, offsettingthe weight of the rotor and therefore reducing the axial load on thethrust bearing, and, consequently, increasing its service life. This canbe done by an axial offset in position of rotor magnets 1204, 1220,1216, and 1214 to stator magnets 1206, 1208, 1210, and 1212 by less thana half of the axial magnet width: if the rotor magnets are shiftedupwards with respect to the stator magnet, the axial force will bedirected upwards and vice-versa. Even with the axial force 1218 directedtowards the thrust bearing 724, a reversal of the axial thrust ispossible during events such as transportation or a surge while operatingthe downhole-type blower system 124. As mentioned previously, such athrust reversal can be mitigated by a bumper 1124 positioned at anuphole end of the shaft 1202. In some implementations, an innerprotective can 1222 made out of a non-magnetic alloy can be installed tocover the inner diameter of the stator magnet assembly 1226, protectingits components from mechanical damage and sealing them from theenvironment. In some implementations, disk-shaped end pieces 1234 can beadded to the ends of the shaft magnet assembly 1224, primarily toprotect the free faces of the magnets within this assembly. The endpieces 1234 can be made identical to the shaft magnet spacers 1236. Insome implementations, a sleeve 1228 made of a non-magnetic high strengthalloy can be installed to cover outer diameter of the shaft magnetassembly 1224 and the end pieces 1234 to secure relative position of itscomponents during high speed operation, protect them from damage andseal from the environment.

In some implementations, the inherent damping of the passive radialbearing assembly 1200 may be insufficient. In such instances, an activedamper, such as the active damper 1300 shown in FIGS. 13A-13D, can beimplemented.

The active damper 1300 includes a damper magnet 1302 that is radiallyimbedded into the bearing shaft 1202, in conjunction with the passiveradial bearing shaft magnet assembly 1224. Each pole of the dampermagnet 1302 is equipped with ferrous magnetically conductive dampermagnet pole shoes 1304 a and 1304 b to ensure uniformity of the magneticfields generated by the damper magnet 1302 around the rotor axis 1232. Adamper sleeve 1306 may be placed over the outer diameters of the dampermagnet 1302 and the damper magnet pole shoes 1304 a, 1304 b to hold themin place and prevent relative motion during rotation 902 of the shaft1202.

The active damper 1300 further includes a set of radial velocity sensingcoils 1308 placed in the plane 1310 located close to the damper magnetpole shoe 1304 a, coupled to the North pole of the damper magnet 1302 inthe example shown in FIG. 13A.

The active damper also includes a set of the radial damper actuatorcoils 1312 placed in the plane 1314 located close to the damper magnetpole shoe 1304 b, coupled to the South pole of the damper magnet 1302 inthe example shown in FIG. 13A.

The radial velocity sensing coils within the coil set 1308 are partiallyexposed to a magnetic field emanated from the North pole of the dampermagnet 1302, which has a substantial axial component. As will bediscussed in more details later, when the damper magnet 1302 movesradially, the magnetic flux linked to at least some of the radialvelocity sensing coils within the coil set 1308 will change. This, inaccordance with Faraday's law, will induce electrical voltages on theterminals of those coils. The stronger the axial component of themagnetic field emanated from the damper magnet 1302, the higher will bevoltages on the coil terminals for the same radial velocity of themagnet 1302.

In order to further enhance voltages on the radial velocity sensingcoils within the set 1308, an additional damper sensing magnet 1316 canbe added to the shaft 1202 on the damper radial velocity sensing coilside opposite to the first damper magnet 1302 with the damper sensingmagnet pole facing the coil set 1308 having the opposite polarity to thefirst damper magnet pole facing the coil set 1308 as illustrated in FIG.13B. More specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 13B the firstdamper magnet 1302 is facing the radial velocity sensing coil set 1308with the North pole, and, correspondingly, the additional damper sensingmagnet 1316, located on the opposite axial side of the coil set 1308, isoriented so that it faces these coils with the South pole. In thisconfiguration the magnetic fields from the first damper magnet 1302 andthe additional damper sensing magnet 1316 add, resulting in the radialvelocity sensing coils 1308 being exposed to a larger magnetic fieldthan that produced by the first damper magnet 1302 alone, which leads tohigher voltages induced in the radial velocity sensing coils 1308 whenthe shaft 1202 moves radially.

Similarly to the first damper magnet 1302, the damper sensing magnet1316 might be equipped with at least one damper sensing magnet pole shoe1318 a made of a soft-magnetic material attached to the magnet polefacing the radial velocity sensing coil set 1308 (the South pole in FIG.13B) in order to ensure the magnetic field uniformity around the bearingaxis 1232. In addition, a second damper sensing magnet pole shoe 1318 bcan be attached to the remaining pole of the damper sensing magnet 1316,primarily to protect a face of the damper sensing magnet 1316 frommechanical damage. The second magnet pole shoe 1318 b might be made ofeither soft-magnetic or non-magnetic material. Furthermore, similarly tothe first damper sleeve 1306, an additional damper sensing magnet sleeve1320 may be placed over the outer diameters of the damper sensing magnet1316 and the damper sensing magnet pole shoes 1318 a, 1318 b to holdthem in place and prevent relative motion during rotation 902 of theshaft 1202.

Similarly to the damper velocity sensing coils 1308, the damper actuatorcoils 1312 are partially exposed to a magnetic field emanated from theSouth pole of the damper magnet 1302, which also has a substantial axialcomponent. As will be discussed in more details later, when anelectrical current flows thru the coils 1312, Lorenz's force is exertedon the damper magnet 1302. The stronger the axial component of themagnetic field emanated from the damper magnet 1302, the larger will beLorenz's force exerted on the damper magnet 1302 for the same electricalcurrent in the coils 1312.

In order to further enhance the Lorenz's force exerted on the magnet1302 when electrical currents flow in the damper actuator coils 1312, anadditional damper actuator magnet 1322 can be added to the shaft 1202 onthe damper actuator coil side opposite to the first damper magnet 1302with the damper actuator magnet pole facing the coil set 1312 having theopposite polarity to the first damper magnet pole facing the coils 1312as illustrated in FIG. 13C. More specifically, in the example shown inFIG. 13C the first damper magnet 1302 is facing the damper actuator coilset 1312 with the South pole, and, correspondingly, the additionaldamper actuator magnet 1322, located on the opposite axial side of thecoil set 1312, is oriented so that it faces these coils with the Northpole. In this configuration the magnetic fields from the first dampermagnet 1302 and the additional damper actuator magnet 1322 add,resulting in the damper actuator coils 1312 being exposed to a largermagnetic field than that produced by the first damper magnet 1302 alone,which leads to larger Lorenz's forces exerted on the shaft 1202 when thedamper actuator coils 1312 are energized with electrical currents.

Similarly to the first damper magnet 1302, the damper actuator magnet1322 might be equipped with at least one damper actuator magnet poleshoe 1324 a made of a soft-magnetic material attached to the magnet polefacing the damper actuator coils within the set 1312 (the North pole inFIG. 13C) in order to ensure the magnetic field uniformity around thebearing axis 1232. In addition, a second damper actuator magnet poleshoe 1324 b can be attached to the remaining pole of the damper actuatormagnet 1322, primarily to protect a face of the damper actuator magnet1322 from mechanical damage. The second damper actuator magnet pole shoe1324 b might be made of either soft-magnetic or non-magnetic material.Furthermore, similarly to the first damper sleeve 1306, a damperactuator sleeve 1326 may be placed over the outer diameters of thedamper actuator magnet 1322 and the damper actuator magnet pole shoes1324 a, 1324 b to hold them in place and prevent relative motion duringrotation 902 of the shaft 1202.

Alternatively, the additional damper actuator magnet 1322 can beconfigured as an additional magnet in the raw of the shaft magnetassembly magnets 1224 as illustrated in FIG. 13D with the end piece 1234playing role of the damper actuator magnet pole shoe 1324 b in FIG. 13C.The sleeve 1228 can be extended to cover the outer diameters of both thedamper actuator magnet 1322 and the pole shoe 1324 a.

Both the additional damper sensing magnet 1316 (FIG. 13B) and theadditional damper actuator magnet 1322 (FIGS. 13C and 13D) can be usedat the same time.

The roles of the radial velocity sensing coils 1308 and the damperactuator coils 1312 can be swapped.

The active damping circuit includes a shaft magnet 1209 that is radiallyimbedded into the bearing shaft 1202, in conjunction with the passiveradial bearing rotor magnet 1204. Where 1204 may have a north poletowards an uphole direction, the magnet 1209 may have a north poletowards a uphole direction, to produce the highest field possible forthe active damper circuit, 1215 and 1217. On each side of magnet 1209 isa ferrous magnetically conductive spacer 1207 and 1211. In addition, thespacer 1205 is also a ferrous magnetically conductive spacer. Thespacers act to provide a lower reluctance path for each field producedby the permanent magnet. A non-magnetic high strength alloy material1213 may be used over the magnets and spacers to hold them in place andprevent relative motion.

The operational principle of the active damper 1300 is shown in FIG.14A, which does not show the damper magnet pole shoes 1304 a, 1304 b andthe damper sleeve 1306 for clarity. In addition to the damper magnet1302, the set of the radial velocity sensing coils 1308 and the set ofthe damper actuator coils 1312, FIG. 14A shows an electronic amplifier1414. One more additional component of the active damper 1300 that isnot shown in either FIG. 13A or FIG. 14A for clarity is a power supplyneeded to operate the electronic amplifier 1414.

The radial velocity sensing coil set 1308 and the damper actuator coilset 1312 each includes of two or more planar electrical coils situatedaround the rotor axis; all the coils within the same set being placed inthe same plane normal to the rotor axis. If only two coils are used in aset, they should not be placed along the same diagonal in order to beable to sense velocity or generate force in all radial directions.

The illustrated example shows that each coil set 1308 and 1312 includesidentical planar coils located in the proximity of the axially oppositefaces (poles) of an axially magnetized circular (disk-shaped) permanentdamper magnet 1302 to be mounted on the shaft 1202. The coils withineach set are situated uniformly around the shaft 1202 axis and arepartially exposed to a magnetic field emanated from the magnet poles,which have substantial axial components.

The coils within the radial velocity sensing coil set 1308, an Xs+ coil1412, an Xs− coil 1402, a Ys+ coil 1416, and a Ys− 1408 are used tomeasure the radial velocity of the damper magnet 1302. The coils withinthe damper actuator coil set 1312, an Xa+ coil 1410, an Xa− coil 1404, aYa+ coil 1418, and a Ya− coil 1406, are used to exert radial forces onthe damper magnet 1302. In the illustrated example, the damper magnet1302 is moving in the positive “X” direction with velocity “Vx”. Thiscauses changes of the magnetic fluxes linked to the two top coilslocated along the X-axis: increase of the magnetic flux linked to theXs+ coil 1412 and decrease of the magnetic flux linked to the Xs− coil1402.

In accordance with Faraday's law, magnetic flux change in time resultsin an electromotive force, and, subsequently, electrical voltage “U”induced on the terminals of a sensing coil, such as Xs+ coil 1412. Thevoltage is proportional to a velocity of the magnet 1302. The voltage isapplied to the input of an electronic amplifier 1414, which produces anoutput current “I” proportional to the input voltage. The current issubsequently applied to the terminal of the actuator coil Xa+ 1410clocked identically to the sensing coil Xs+ 1412. Interaction betweenthe current and the magnetic field emanated from the south pole of theillustrated permanent magnet will results in a radial Lorentz forceexerted on the magnet, which will be proportional to the current.Reversing direction of the current will reverse direction of the forceand the coil wiring polarity can be chosen so that the force will bedirected opposite to the velocity, as required from a damping force.Applying the same technique to all four pairs of sensing and actuatorcoils would produce damping in all radial directions. In suchimplementations, one amplifier 1414 is needed for each sensing/actuatingcoil pair.

An alternative implementation of an active damper 1300 is shown in FIG.14B. When an even number of coils are used, two diametrically oppositesensing coils and two diametrically opposite actuator coils can be wiredin series and only one amplifier is needed per axis as shown in FIG.14B. Similar to the previous implementation, the coils within the radialvelocity sensing coil set 1308, the Xs+ coil 1412, the Xs− coil 1402,the Ys+ coil 1416, and the Ys− 1408 are used to measure the radialvelocity of the magnet. The coils within the damper actuator coil set1312, an Xa+ coil 1410, an Xa− coil 1404, a Ya+ coil 1418, and a Ya−coil 1406, are used to exert radial forces on the magnet. In theillustrated example, the magnet 1424 is moving in the positive “X”direction with velocity “Vx”. This causes changes of the magnetic fluxeslinked to two top coils located along the X-axis (Xs+ coil 1412 and Xs−coil 1402) leading to an increase of the magnetic flux linked to the Xs+coil 1412 and decrease of the magnetic flux linked to the Xs− coil 1402.The sensing coils, coil Xs− 1412 and coil Xs+ 1402 can be wired so thatthe voltages induced in the two coils is summed and the respectiveactuator coils, Xa+ 1410 and Xa− 1404, can be wired so that the forcesthey produce are summed. In such implementations, one amplifier 1414 isneeded for each sensing/actuating coil quad, that is, one amplifier perdamped axis.

As previously mentioned, a power supply is needed for the operation ofthe electronic amplifier, such as amplifier 1414. A large dampingcoefficient is needed from the active damper 1300 to keep the systemstable, but the load capacity does not need to be substantial.Therefore, the active damper 1300 is not expected to consume largepower. A sufficient power supply may be obtained by either adding anadditional turn to the electric stator 716 winding or adding anadditional generator magnet to the permanent magnet rotor 720 and apickup coil to the electric stator 716 in the proximity of the generatormagnet so that the generator magnet would induced a voltage in thepickup coil whenever the permanent magnet rotor 720 is spinning. Ineither case, the voltage on the terminal of either additional motorwinding coil or the pickup coil can be rectified and used to providepower for the damper 1300 or amplifier 1414, eliminating the need foradditional power supply wires.

FIG. 15A shows a schematic diagram of the planar coils discussedpreviously implemented using Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology. Theillustrated PCB assembly 1500 includes a PCB board 1502, a first coil1504 a, a second coil 1504 b, a third coil 1504 c, and a fourth coil1504 d. The PCB assembly also includes a first electronic amplifier 1506a that is configured to interface with the first coil 1504 a, a secondelectronic amplifier 1506 b that is configured to interface with thesecond coil 1504 b, a third electronic amplifier 1506 c that isconfigured to interface with the third coil 1504 c, and a fourthelectronic amplifier 1506 d that is configured to interface with thefourth coil 1504 d. To complete the active damper 1300, a first andsecond PCB 1502 (PCB with the radial velocity sensing coils and thedamper actuator coils), one for each side of the disc shaped magnet1424, can be used. Alternatively, the electronic amplifiers 1506 a, 1506b, 1506 c and 1506 d can be placed on a dedicated PCB and connected bywires to the radial velocity sensing coils and the damper actuator coilsas illustrated in FIGS. 14A and 14B.

FIG. 15B shows a side view of PCB assembly 1500. The PCB assembly caninclude the PCB layer 1502, the component layer 1508, and a protectivesheet 1510. The protective sheet 1510 can be constructed with sheets ofa non-magnetic corrosion resistant material, such as stainless steel,for mechanical protection.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart with an example method 1600 that can beutilized with magnetic bearings within the downhole-type blower system124. At 1602, a shaft 1202 is centrally positioned within adownhole-type blower system 124. The downhole-type blower system 124 caninclude a blower 708 and an electric machine 718 with a passive magneticbearing assembly 1200 coupled to the shaft 1202 and the downhole-typeblower system 124. At 16504, the shaft 1202 is rotated within thedownhole-type blower system 124 positioned within a wellbore. At 1606, avibration in the rotor is damped with an active damper. To damp thevibration in the shaft 1202, a voltage from a sensor coil, such as Xs+coil 1412, is directed to an amplifier, such as amplifier 1414. Thevoltage is induced by a changing magnetic flux linked to the sensorcoil. A positive feedback current is applied to an actuator coil, suchas coil Xa+ 1410, with the amplifier. A force created by the current inthe actuator coil is applied to the shaft 1202. The applied forcecounteracts the vibration. At 1608, a static offset force is exerted onthe shaft 1202 by axial offsetting the shaft magnet assembly 1224 withrespect to the stator magnet assembly 1226.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the other implementationsdescribed in this specification, the down-hole type blower system 124can be implemented with a common shaft integrating the blower and theelectric machine. In some implementations, the downhole-type blowersystem 124 is constructed with a single shaft. Constructing the rotatingparts of the downhole-type blower system 124 on a single shaft canreduce the required number of radial bearings and other systemcomponents. The single shaft implementation can also allow for a shorterconstruction length of the downhole-type blower system 124 as thecoupling 714 is no longer necessary. Constructing the rotating parts ona single shaft can also minimize or eliminate alignment issues. Theelimination of such issues can result in reduced vibrations, lowercosts, increased ease of assembly and installation, improvedreliability, and extended life of the downhole-type blower system 124.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of a downhole-type blower system 124constructed using a single shaft. In the illustrated implementation, thedownhole-type blower system 124 includes a cylindrical body that can bepositioned within the wellbore 104. The downhole type blower system 124includes both a blower 708 and an electric machine 718. The blower 708and the electric machine 718 are constructed and balanced as a singleunit. That is, the blower 708 and electric machine are in the samehousing and are constructed on a single shaft 1714. The single shaft1714 is a solid and continuous body with no breaks or and lacks anycouplings to couple a blower shaft to an electric machine shaft. As thefluid rotor 712 and the permanent magnet rotor 720 are constructed onthe same shaft or shafts that are mechanically locked together, such aswith a high strength sleeve, both rotors are constructed and balancedtogether during construction. The single shaft 1714 has sufficientstiffness to support both the fluid rotor 712 and the permanent magnetrotor 720 without sagging; that is, the shaft 1714 is unsupportedbetween bearing assembly 706 and bearing assembly 702. The single shaft1714 has sufficient strength to transfer torque between the fluid rotor712 and the permanent magnet rotor 720.

In some implementations, the single shaft 1714 can be configured to notoperate at or above the critical speed for the single shaft 1714. Thesingle shaft 1714 can be longer and less stiff than otherimplementations. As a result of the lower stiffness, the critical speedis lower for a single shaft implementation. A critical speed is thespeed at which a shaft rotates at its natural frequency. Machinery canbe classified as operating at a supercritical speed (above the criticalspeed) or at a subcritical speed (below the critical speed). While asingle shaft can be less stiff than each individual shaft of a multiplecoupled shaft system, a single shaft can rotate at the same speed as themultiple coupled shafts, and can be rotating at a subcritical speed orcan be rotating at a supercritical speed.

As above, the blower 708 includes a fluid stator 710 and a fluid rotor712 that is centrally located within and carried by the fluid stator710, and includes multiple stator vanes 736 that extend inward from thestator inner surface and multiple rotor blades 734.

In the illustrated implementation, the fluid rotor 712 is supportedwithin the fluid stator 710 by a blower bearing assembly 702 on anuphole end of fluid rotor 712. The blower bearing assembly 702 can beprotected from a downhole environment 732 by a bearing assembly seal704.

The electric machine 718, which is positioned downhole of the blower708, includes an electric stator 716 and a permanent magnet rotor 720that is centrally positioned within and carried by the electric stator716. The electric machine 718 can be utilized as either a synchronousmotor or a synchronous generator. The permanent magnet rotor 720 issupported within the electric stator 716 by an electric machine bearingassembly 706 on the downhole end of the permanent magnet rotor 720. Insome implementations, a thrust bearing 724 can be included at thedownhole end of the permanent magnet motor 720. In some implementations,the thrust bearing 724 can be included in the bearing assembly 706. Theentire electrical machine 715 in which the electrical-machine bearingassembly 706 are located is sealed from the downhole environment 732. Asa result, the electrical-machine bearing assembly 706 does not requirethe protection of seals and are left unsealed.

The electric machine 718 also includes electrical windings. The electricwindings are connected to a topside facility (not shown) with a powercable (not shown). In some instances, the power cables can be connectedto a control circuit (not shown). The control circuit can send analternating electrical current downhole through the power cable and tothe electric machine 718. The current induces a torque on the permanentmagnet rotor 720 and creates a rotation 740 in the permanent magnetrotor 720. The speed of the rotation 740 is proportional to a frequencyof the alternating current. In some implementations, the permanentmagnet rotor 720 may have a torque input outside of the electric machine718. In such an instance, the rotation 740 of the permanent magnet rotor720 induced an alternating current within the electric windings of theelectric stator 716. The current is directed uphole to a control circuitlocated at a topside facility through the power cable. In someimplementations, the control circuit can include a variable frequencydrive (VFD) 308 of a variable speed drive (VSD) 306. The frequency ofthe alternating current is proportional to the rate of rotation 740 ofthe permanent magnet rotor 720.

The downhole-type blower system 124 can also include a positioningconnector 728 at the uphole end of the downhole-type blower system 124,a secondary wellbore seal 726 radially extending out from the outersurface of the downhole type blower system 124 and downhole of thepositioning connector 728, a centralizer 730 extending radially out fromthe outer surface of the downhole-type blower system 124, and a sensorsuite 722 located at the downhole end of the downhole-type compressor124. The positioning connector 728 can be used to position thedownhole-type blower within the wellbore 104 and retrieve thedownhole-type compressor 124 from the wellbore 104. The positioningconnector 728 can be configured to connect to coiled tubing, twist rods,or any other method of deployment. The positioning connector 728 can beconfigured differently based on the deployment method. For example, ifsucker rod is used, the positioning connector 728 can be threaded toallow the sucked rode to be directly attached to the connector. If awireline deployment is used, the positioning connector 728 could be alatch or other similar attachment. The secondary wellbore seal 726 ismade of a soft inert material, such as Viton™ or Teflon™, and provide asecondary seal in addition to other primary sealing methods discussedwithin this disclosure. The centralizers 730 can be made of either metalor a stiff polymer shaped as a leaf-spring. Multiple centralizers areradially equally spaced around the downhole-type blower system 124 andat least partially centralize the downhole-type blower within thewellbore 104. Centralization within the wellbore 104 helps ensure evengas flow around the electric machine 718 and an even gas flow within theblower 708. An even gas flow across the electric machine 718 ensuresadequate cooling of the electric machine 718 during operation. An evengas flow through the blower 708 ensures an even load distribution onboth the blower bearing assembly 702 and the electric machine bearingassembly 706. Both of these factors help increase the life of thedownhole-type blower system 124.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the implementations described inthis specification, the blower system can be configured with anintegrated blower and electric machine. The resulting blower system ismore compact compared to the blower system with the discreet compressorand motor sections.

In some implementations, the blower and the electric machine areintegrated by using the lamination features of the electric machine atthe stator bore to be the flow path stator of the blower. As describedbelow, the rotor is designed as an alternating stack of magneticsections and aerodynamic blower vane rings. The magnetic sections of therotor interact with stator vane sections. The integrated electricmachine can be on any type of bearing, for example, an active bearing, apassive bearing, a combination magnetic bearing or other bearing. Insome implementations, a derived voltage from the stator can be used topower up the active components of the magnetic bearing. In someinstances, a top-side compressor can be installed uphole of theintegrated electric machine, for example, at the surface of thewellbore, to assist production as described earlier. In such instances,the operation of the top-side compressor can cause freewheeling of theblower. In response, the electric machine can power itself up onmagnetic bearings without the aid of an external power supply.

The integrated electric machine described here can be more compact,easier to install, more reliable, and lower cost compared to a blowersystem in which the blower and the electric machine are separate.Because the integrated electric machine described here does not need acoupling and implements only two bearing systems, the cost andmaintenance of the integrated electric machine can be lower compared tothe blower system with separate blower and electric machine.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an integrated blower system 1800. Thesystem 1800 includes multiple stators (e.g., a first stator 1802 a, asecond stator 1802 b, a third stator 1802 c, a fourth stator 1802 d, afifth stator 1802 e, a sixth stator 2 f, or more or fewer stators),arranged on a longitudinal axis. The system 1800 also includes multiplerotors (e.g., a first rotor 1804 a, a second rotor 1804 b, a third rotor1804 c, a fourth rotor 1804 d, a fifth rotor 1804 e, a sixth rotor 1804f, or more or fewer rotors). Each rotor is positioned and carried torotate within a respective stator about the longitudinal axis. A statorand a rotor positioned within the stator can form a blower system stage.Thus, the blower system can include one stage (i.e., one stator and onerotor) or multiple stages (i.e., multiple stators and multiple rotors)arranged serially on the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, themultiple stages (for example, the multiple rotors) can be connectedusing a tie bolt 18 a to lock the multiple stages together to form astiff shaft assembly. The features of each stator and each rotor aredescribed below with reference to the first stator 1802 a and the firstrotor 1804 a, respectively.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the first stator 1802 a, whichincludes multiple stator sub-assemblies (e.g., a first statorsub-assembly 1906 a, a second stator sub-assembly 1906 b, a third statorsub-assembly 1906 c, or more or fewer stator sub-assemblies). Eachstator sub-assembly can be a lamination stacked with other laminationsto form the first stator 1802 a. A lamination is made of electricalsteel and can be thin. Multiple such laminations can be stacked togetherto make the stator core of the stator-subassembly that can resistformation of electrical eddy currents. The first stator 1802 a includesmultiple stator vanes (e.g., a first stator vane 8 a, a second statorvane 8 b, a third stator vane 8 c, or more or fewer stator vanes). Eachstator vane tip (e.g., stator vane tip 20 a) can have a uniquelamination tip design to provide a necessary flow pattern to drive thefluid through the blower system. The first stator 1802 a includesmultiple slots (e.g., a first slot 22 a, a second slot 22 b, a thirdslot 22 c, or more or fewer slots). Each slot serves a dual purpose—apole in which an electric machine winding is disposed and a spacebetween two blower vanes through which the fluid is flowed or driven.The laminations used to construct each stator sub-assembly are stackedor cut to form each slot and each stator vane tip as an angled vane thatcan drive the fluid.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the first rotor 1804 a, which includesmultiple vane sections (e.g., a first vane section 12 a, a second vanesection 12 b, a third vane section 12 c, or more or fewer vanesections). The first rotor 1804 a comprises a ring-shaped inner portionhaving an outer circumference to which the multiple vane sections areattached. Each vane is designed to drive fluid between the first rotor1804 a and the first stator 1802 a when the first rotor 1804 a rotateswithin the first stator 1802 a or to be rotated by fluid flowed betweenthe first rotor 1804 a and the first stator 1802 a.

The first rotor 1804 a also includes multiple magnetic sections (e.g., afirst magnetic section 2014 a, a second magnetic section 2014 b, or moreor fewer magnetic sections) arranged (for example, alternatinglyarranged) between the multiple vane sections. Each magnetic sectionincludes a ring-shaped permanent magnet having substantially the samesize and shape as the ring-shaped inner portion of the first rotor 1804a. Each magnetic section is arranged in a two or more-pole arrangement.In some implementations, the first rotor 1804 a includes a sleeve inwhich a vane section is positioned. Alternatively or in addition, therotor 1804 a includes an extension member to hold the vane section inplace and to seal the vane sections from the fluid flowed through theblower system 1800.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section showing multiplestators and multiple rotors. For example, the first magnetic section2014 a is positioned in a sleeve 2116 a and is sandwiched between twovane sections (namely, the first vane section 10 a and the second vanesection 10 b). The first rotor 1804 a is arranged with respect to thesecond stator 1802 b such that the first magnetic section 2014 a isradially aligned with the stator vanes of the first rotor 1804 a. Thevane sections are positioned between the first stator 4 a and the secondstator 4 b. As described earlier, electric machine windings (e.g., afirst winding 2118 a, a second winding 2118 b, a third winding 2118 c,or more or fewer windings) are wrapped within the slots formed in eachstator. Electrical power applied to the electric machine windingsproduces electrical fields in the stator sub-assemblies that act againstthe first magnetic section 2014 a to result in a net torque in the firstrotor 1804 a causing a rotation which, in turn, causes the fluid to bedriven in the space between the rotor vanes and the stator vanes.Conversely, flowing the fluid in the space between the rotor vanes andthe stator vanes causes the first rotor 1804 a to rotate which, in turn,generates electrical power.

In some implementations, the space between the stator vanes has asealing can to prevent back flow within the blower system. The space hasa clearance between rotating and non-rotating parts. For example, thespace can be substantially 0.020 inches. The sealing can is anon-metallic part that can prevent eddy current losses due to heat fromthe electric machine windings. The blower system 1800 can includemultiple stators and rotors arranged in stages as described above. Leadwires can be connected in series or parallel for each stage and linkedtogether to form a uniform blower system that can be driven by a singlevariable speed drive (VSD).

FIG. 22 is a flowchart of an example of a process 2200 for operating anintegrated blower system, for example, the blower system 1800. Theprocess 2200 can be implemented to generate power by operating theintegrated blower system 1800 in a generator mode. As described above,the blower system 1800 can include electric stator components andfluidic stator components interspersed with the electric statorcomponents. The electric stator components can include multiple statorsub-assemblies and multiple electric machine windings attached to themultiple stator sub-assemblies to produce magnetic fields in themultiple stator sub-assemblies. The fluidic stator components caninclude multiple stator vanes formed in the multiple statorsub-assemblies, and multiple slots formed in the respective multiplestator sub-assemblies. Each slot is formed as an angled vane configuredto drive the fluid.

The blower system 1800 can include a rotor carried to rotate within thestator. The rotor can include electric rotor components and fluidicrotor components interspersed with the electric rotor components. Thefluidic rotor components include multiple vane sections carried torotate about the longitudinal axis. Each rotor vane is designed,arranged and configured to drive the fluid. The electric rotorcomponents can include multiple magnetic sections arranged between themultiple vane sections, each configured to produce magnetic fields inthe multiple stator sub-assemblies.

At 2202, a fluid can be driven between the stator and the rotor. Forexample, the blower system 1800 can be positioned in a wellbore at adepth from the surface. Production fluids that flow through the wellborecan be driven between the stator and the rotor, for example, between thefluidic stator components (e.g., the stator sub-assemblies) and thefluidic rotor components (e.g., the rotor vanes).

At 2204, the rotor vanes can be rotated in response to driving thefluid. For example, the rotor and the stator can be arranged tocompressively drive the production fluid through the blower system 1800.As the production fluid flows between the rotor and the stator, therotor vanes rotate. In some implementations, the pressure of thewellbore alone can be sufficient to drive the production fluid throughthe blower system 1800. In some implementations, a top-side compressorcan assist driving the production fluid through the blower system.

At 2206, the electric machine windings of the stator sub-assemblies areenergized to generate power in response to rotating the rotor vanes. Asdescribed above, a rotation of the rotor vanes causes a rotation of themagnetic sections, which, in turn, generate an electric field in theelectric machine windings thereby generating electrical power. Inimplementations in which magnetic bearings are used to rotate the rotorwithin the stator, all or portions of the generated electrical power canbe used power the magnetic bearings.

The process 2200 was described in the context of implementing the blowersystem 1800 in a generator mode in a wellbore. Alternatively, the blowersystem 1800 can be implemented as a compressor outside a wellbore oroutside a well system. Also, the blower system 1800 can be implementedin a motor mode as a pump, e.g., a turbo-molecular pump, to drive fluid.For example, a fluid can be flowed to one end (e.g., an inlet end) ofthe blower system 1800. The electric machine windings can be energized,for example, by providing electrical power to the windings. The electricfield generated by the windings can interact with the magnetic fields ofthe permanent magnet to induce a torque that rotates the rotor core. Inresponse, the rotor vanes can drive the fluid between the rotor and thestator.

In some implementations, one or more of the stators in the blower system1800 can be implemented for on-board power generation for auxiliaries inthe blower, providing a local power source for the blower system 1800 ata specific voltage that is different from the VSD power driving theblower system 1800. Heat from the electric machine can be carried awayfrom the blower system 1800 directly to the fluid to maintain motoroperating temperatures as well as heating the fluid for reduced instanceof condensate formation in the wellbore. In this manner, the likelihoodof the condensate blocking fluid flow can be minimized or eliminated.

Alternatively or in addition to any of the implementations described inthis specification, a seal can be deployed around a blower of thedownhole blower system 124 positioned downhole in a wellbore. Asdescribed above, a hydrocarbon wellbore (e.g., a gas wellbore or otherhydrocarbon wellbore) can benefit from a blower deployed in thewellbore, for example, deep within the wellbore, to help lift thehydrocarbons to the surface. To improve efficiency, the wellbore can besealed around the blower to limit or prevent recirculation in thewellbore around the blower. The blower can also be anchored to thewellbore to prevent the blower from rotating. Techniques described inthis disclosure can be implemented to seal or anchor (or both) a blowerin the wellbore.

FIG. 23A is a schematic diagram of a wellbore 2300 in which a blowersystem 2302 (similar or identical to the downhole-type blower system124) is disposed downhole. The blower system 2302 resides inside (forexample, deep within) the wellbore 2300. The blower system 2302 includesa blower 2304 fluidly coupled to the wellbore 2300. The blower 2304assists production of hydrocarbons from a bottom of the wellbore to thesurface. In some implementations, the blower 2304 creates a pressuredifferential within the wellbore 2300 to assist flow of the hydrocarbonsin an uphole direction.

The blower 2304 can be coupled to (for example, electrically ormechanically or both) an electric machine 2306 (e.g., a motor, agenerator, a motor-generator or other electric machine) that can operatein either a generator mode or a motor mode. In a generator mode, theelectric machine 2306 receives energy (e.g., rotational energy of thecompressor vanes, mechanical energy of compressed fluid, other energy orcombinations of them) from the blower 2304 and converts the energy intoelectrical energy or power. In a motor mode, the electric machine 2306provides electrical energy to power the blower 2304.

Production fluids 2314, e.g., hydrocarbons, gas or combinations of them,can flow through the wellbore 2300 in an uphole direction, i.e., from adownhole location toward the surface. With reference to the upholedirection of flow of the production fluids 2314, the electric machine2306 can be positioned upstream of the blower 2304. The outlet to theblower 2304 can be positioned upstream of the blower 2304.

A seal assembly 2308 can be coupled to the blower system 2302. The sealassembly 2308 can include a seal 2310 that can seal an outer surface 105of the blower system 2302 to an inner surface 101 of the wellbore 2300.In FIG. 23A, the seal 2310 is shown in a compressed state before beingenergized. The seal 2310 can be in the compressed state when deployed.For example, the seal assembly 2308, with the seal 2310 in thecompressed state, can be coupled to the blower system 2302 at thesurface. When disposed in the wellbore 2300, the seal assembly 2308 canbe downstream of the blower 102.

An electromagnetic actuator 2312 (e.g., a solenoid) is coupled to theseal assembly 2308, for example, to the seal 2310. The electromagneticactuator 2312 can receive power and responsively deploy the seal 2310 toseal the outer surface 105 of the blower system 2302 with the innersurface 101 of the wellbore 2300. In some implementations, theelectromagnetic actuator 2312 can receive power through a power inputport 115 coupled to the electromagnetic actuator 2312.

At the power input port 115, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 and theelectric machine 2306 can be electrically connected in parallel. In suchimplementations, each of the electromagnetic actuator 2312 and theelectric machine 2306 can receive power, simultaneously or at separatetimes, from a power source (not shown) disposed within or outside thewellbore 2300. The power input port 115 can be electrically connected tothe power source and can transmit power from the power source to theelectric machine 2306 or the electromagnetic actuator 2312 or both. Theelectromagnetic actuator 2312 can deploy the seal 2310 in response toreceiving the power from the power source.

Alternatively, at the power input port 115, the electromagnetic actuator2312 and the electric machine 2306 can be connected in series. In suchimplementations, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 can receive powerfrom the electric machine 2306 to deploy the seal 2310. For example,when the electric machine 2306 is operated in the motor mode, theelectric machine 2306 can transmit power to the blower 2304 to operatethe blower 2304. Alternatively or additionally, the electric machine2306 can transmit power to the electromagnetic actuator 2312, which candeploy the seal 2310 in response to receiving the power from theelectric machine 2306.

In some implementations, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 can receivepower from the electric machine 2306 operating in the generator mode.For example, in the generator mode, the electric machine 2306 cangenerate power in response to production fluids 2314 flowing through theblower 2304. In such implementations, the power input port 115 canreceive a portion of the power generated by the electric machine 2306.Using the received power, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 can deploythe seal 2310.

FIG. 23B is a schematic diagram of the wellbore 2300 in which the seal2310 has been energized in response to receiving power from theelectromagnetic actuator 2312. As described above, the seal 2310 sealsthe outer surface 105 of the blower system 2302 to the inner surface 101of the wellbore. Doing so can prevent recirculation of the productionfluids 2314 in the wellbore 2300 around the blower 2304. Alternativelyor in addition, the seal 2310 can anchor the blower 2304 in the wellbore2300 to prevent rotation of the blower 2304 in the wellbore 2300.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the blower system 2302, the sealassembly 2308 and the electromagnetic actuator 2312 being deployed inthe wellbore 2300. In some implementations, a sub-assembly including theblower system 2302, the seal assembly 2308 and the electromagneticactuator 2312 can be coupled to each other at the surface and loweredinto the wellbore 2300 to a downhole location. The wellbore conditions(e.g., pressure, temperature, or other wellbore conditions) at thedownhole location are different from corresponding conditions at asurface of the wellbore 2300. Moreover, the downhole location issignificantly nearer a bottom of the wellbore 2300 compared to a top ofthe wellbore 2300. The sub-assembly can be lowered to the downholelocation using a wireline 2402. The wireline 2402 can be flexible andhave sufficient mechanical strength to carry the weight of thesub-assembly and additional components used to lower the sub-assembly tothe downhole location. The wireline 2402 can be braided into an integralelectrical cable as a combined power delivery and mechanical suspensiondevice. In some implementations, the wireline 2402 can be coupled to thepower input port 115 to deliver power to the port 115. For example,power from the power source can be transmitted to the power input port115 through the wireline 2402. In some implementations, the wireline2402 can be disconnected from the sub-assembly after the seal 2310 hasbeen energized. In such implementations, an electrical power line (notshown) can be coupled to the power input port 115 to provide power toactuate the electromagnetic actuator 2312. Alternatively, power can beprovided using techniques similar to those described above negating theneed for the electrical power line.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the blower system 2302, the sealassembly 2308 and the electromagnetic actuator 2312 being deployed inthe wellbore 2300. In some implementations, the sub-assembly includingthe blower system 2302, the seal assembly 2308 and the electromagneticactuator 2312 can be lowered to the downhole location using one or moresucker rods (e.g., sucker rod 2602). FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of across-sectional view of the sucker rod 2602 carrying the sub-assembly.The blower system 2302 (blower 2304 shown in FIG. 26) hangs from adownhole end of the sucker rod 2602 and stretches the seal 2310 flat. Acollar stop 402 prevents the seal 2310 from overstretching. To compressthe seal, the blower system 2302 is designed to sit on the collar-stop402 that is locked into a recess formed between two ends of casing pipe.When the blower system 104 sits down onto the collar stop 404, theweight of the sucker rod 2602 (and other sucker rods connected to thesucker rod 2602) slides a slider 404 in the downhole direction tocompress the seal 2310 axially and against the inner surface 101 of thewellbore 2300. In some implementations, an electrical power line (notshown) can be coupled to the power input port 115 to provide power toactuate the electromagnetic actuator 2312. The one or more sucker rodscan be disconnected from the sub-assembly after the seal 2310 has beenenergized. The electrical power line (not shown) can remain coupled tothe power input port 115 to provide power to actuate the electromagneticactuator 2312. Alternatively, power can be provided using techniquessimilar to those described above negating the need for the electricalpower line.

In the example techniques described above, the seal 2310 was deployed inresponse to transmitting power to the electromagnetic actuator 2312(e.g., a solenoid). In some implementations, a seal, e.g., the seal2310, coupled to a blower system, e.g., the blower system 2302, can bedeployed using other techniques. FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of aseal being deployed using brake shoes. The uphole end of the blowersystem 2302 can be coupled to braking shoe levers 502 that are alsocoupled to a first wireline 504 that is used to deploy the blower system2302 into the wellbore 2300. The uphole end is also coupled to a secondwireline 505 that is used to pull or retract braking shoes attached tothe braking shoe levers 502 into the inner diameter of the wellbore2300. The braking shoes seal and anchor the blower system 2302 to thewellbore 2300. The geometry of the braking shoe levers 502 can be tunedto have a machine weight that can self-energize the braking shoe levers502 in the wellbore 2300. A hookable grab bar 506 can be disposedbetween the braking shoe levers 502 and the blower system 2302 as aredundant retrieval feature. FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the sealbeing deployed using other techniques. Similar to FIG. 27, the upholeend of the blower system 2302 can be coupled to braking shoe levers 502that are also coupled to the second wireline 505. In addition, levers602 can be attached to an elastomeric sealing skirt for both tractionand sealing.

FIG. 29A is a schematic diagram of a seal being deployed using othertechniques. The uphole end of the blower system 2302 can be coupled to aseal ring 702 that can initially be compressed. A sleeve 704 can keepthe seal ring 702 compressed during deployment. A sub-assembly includingthe seal ring 702 and the blower system 2302 can be deployed using awireline that can lower the sub-assembly to the downhole location. Afirst wireline 705 can be rigidly mounted to the blower 2304 to deployor retrieve the blower system 2302. A second wireline 706 can raise thesleeve 704 to uncover the compressed seal ring 702, which can thenexpand (as shown in FIG. 29B) and push against the inner surface 101 ofthe wellbore 2300. When the tension in the second wireline 706 islowered and that in the first wireline 705 is increased, the sealrelaxes and the compressed seal ring 702 lowers allowing thesub-assembly to be retrieved.

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of the wellbore 2300 in which an upholeblower system is disposed uphole of the downhole blower system 2302. Theuphole blower system resides for example, at or near the surface 810 ofthe wellbore 2300. The uphole blower system includes an uphole blower804 fluidly coupled to the wellbore 2300. The uphole blower 804 assistsproduction of hydrocarbons from a bottom of the wellbore to the surface.In some implementations, the uphole blower 804 and the downhole blower2304 cooperate to create a pressure differential within the wellbore2300 to assist flow of the hydrocarbons in the uphole direction.

The uphole blower 804 can be coupled to (for example, electrically ormechanically or both) an uphole electric machine 806 (e.g., a motor, agenerator, a motor-generator or other electric machine) that can operatein either a generator mode or a motor mode. In a generator mode, theuphole electric machine 806 receives energy (e.g., rotational energy ofthe compressor vanes, mechanical energy of compressed fluid, otherenergy or combinations of them) from the uphole blower 804 and convertsthe energy into electrical energy or power. In a motor mode, the upholeelectric machine 806 provides electrical energy to power the upholeblower 2304.

In some implementations, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 can receiveall or portion of the power needed to deploy the seal 2310 from theuphole electric machine 804. For example, the electromagnetic actuator2312 can receive power from the uphole electric machine 806 operating inthe generator mode. In the generator mode, the uphole electric machine806 can generate power in response to production fluids 2314 flowingthrough the uphole blower 804. In such implementations, the power inputport 115 can receive a portion of the power generated by the upholeelectric machine 806. Using the received power, the electromagneticactuator 2312 can deploy the seal 2310. In another example, when theuphole electric machine 806 is operated in the motor mode, the upholeelectric machine 806 can transmit power to the uphole blower 804 tooperate the uphole blower 804. Alternatively or additionally, the upholeelectric machine 806 can transmit power to the electromagnetic actuator2312, which can deploy the seal 2310 in response to receiving the powerfrom the uphole electric machine 806.

FIG. 31 is a flowchart of an example of a process 3100 for deploying aseal surrounding a downhole blower system. At 3102, power is received atan electromagnetic actuator positioned downhole in a wellbore. Forexample, the seal 2310 is attached to the outer surface 105 of thedownhole blower system (e.g., a downhole gas blower). Theelectromagnetic actuator 2312 is connected to the seal 2310 that canseal the outer surface 105 of the downhole blower system 2302 to theinner surface 101 of the wellbore 2300. The blower system 2302 with theseal 2310 and the electromagnetic actuator 2312 is deployed in thewellbore 2300. At 3104, the electromagnetic actuator is actuated usingthe received power. For example, the electromagnetic actuator 2312 isactuated using power received using one or more of the powertransmission techniques described above. At 3106, a seal connected tothe electromagnetic actuator is deployed. For example, the seal 2310 isdeployed to seal the outer surface 105 of the blower system 2302 withthe inner surface 101 of the wellbore 2300. Doing so can preventrecirculation of production fluids 2314 through the wellbore or preventrotation of the blower 2304 within the wellbore 2300 or both.

The techniques described here can be implemented to yield a constructionthat is simply, inexpensive, and physically robust. The blower systemcan be deployed without special hydraulic or electrical requirements andcan be easily retrievable with minimum or no risk of being stuck in thewellbore. The concepts described herein with respect to a blower couldalso be applied to a compressor having a higher pressure ratio and lowerthroughput.

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it willbe understood that various modifications may be made. Accordingly, otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A downhole-type blower system comprising: ablower configured to be positioned in a wellbore, the blower configuredto rotatably drive or be driven by fluid produced through the wellbore;an electric machine configured to be positioned downhole of the blower,the electric machine configured to rotatably drive or be driven by theblower; a bearing shaft coupling the blower and the electric machine,the bearing shaft configured to transfer rotation between the blower andthe electric machine; a passive magnetic radial bearing assemblyconfigured to magnetically support the bearing shaft; and an activedamper coupled to the bearing shaft, the damper configured to damp avibration of the bearing shaft responsive to transferring the rotationbetween the blower and the electric machine, wherein the active damperassembly comprises: a damper magnet coupled to the bearing shaft, thedamper magnet positioned between the plurality of radial bearingassemblies, wherein the vibration of the bearing shaft induces aninduced vibration in the damper magnet; a first damper magnet pole shoeand a second damper magnet pole shoe coupled to a first pole and asecond pole, respectively of the damper magnet, the first damper magnetpole shoe and the second damper magnet pole shoe configured to maintainuniformity of magnetic fields generated by the damper magnet; and adamper sleeve positioned over outer diameters of the damper magnet, thefirst damper magnet pole shoe and the second damper magnet pole shoe. 2.The downhole-type blower system of claim 1, wherein the bearings shaftis made from a non-magnetic material.
 3. The downhole-type blower systemof claim 1, wherein the bearing shaft comprises a shaft magnet assemblycomprising a plurality of axially-magnetized magnets.
 4. Thedownhole-type blower system of claim 3, wherein the plurality ofaxially-magnetized magnets are radially imbedded into the bearing shaft.5. The downhole-type blower system of claim 3, wherein the plurality ofaxially-magnetized magnets are arranged so that magnet polaritiesalternate along an axis of the bearing shaft.
 6. The downhole-typeblower system of claim 3, wherein an exterior surface the shaft magnetassembly is substantially flush with an outer surface of the bearingshaft.
 7. The downhole-type blower system of claim 3, further comprisinga stator magnet assembly surrounding the bearing shaft, the statormagnet assembly comprising a plurality of stator magnets.
 8. Thedownhole-type blower system of claim 7, wherein identical poles of theplurality of stator magnets and the plurality of axially-magnetizedmagnets are substantially in line with one another.
 9. The downhole-typeblower system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of stator magnets areseparated from each other by a first plurality of spacers, and whereinthe plurality of axially-magnetized magnets are separated from eachother by a second plurality of spacers.
 10. The downhole-type blowersystem of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of spacers and the secondplurality of spacers are non-magnetic and electrically non-conductive.11. The downhole-type blower system of claim 7, wherein the plurality ofstator magnets and the plurality of axially-magnetized magnets areaxially offset from each other.
 12. The downhole-type blower system ofclaim 1, wherein the passive magnetic radial bearing assembly is a firstpassive magnetic radial bearing assembly, and wherein the downhole-typeblower system further comprises a plurality of passive magnetic radialbearing assemblies configured to magnetically support the bearing shaft,the plurality of passive magnetic radial bearing assemblies comprisingthe first passive mag radial bearing assembly.
 13. The downhole-typeblower system of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of radialvelocity sensing coils placed in a plane adjacent to the first dampermagnet pole shoe and coupled to a first pole of the damper magnet, theplurality of radial velocity sensing coils configured to be exposed to amagnetic field emanated from the first pole of the damper magnet,wherein a radial movement of the damper magnet induces an electricalvoltage in the plurality of radial velocity sensing coils.
 14. Thedownhole-type blower system of claim 13, wherein the damper magnet is afirst damper magnet facing the plurality of radial velocity sensingcoils with the first pole, and wherein the system further comprises asecond damper sensing magnet positioned on axially opposite theplurality of radial velocity sensing coils and oriented to face theplurality of radial velocity sensing coils with a pole opposite thefirst pole.
 15. The downhole-type blower system of claim 13, furthercomprising: a plurality of radial damper actuator coils placed in asecond plane adjacent to the second damper magnet pole shoe and coupledto a second pole of the damper magnet, the plurality of radial damperactuator coils configured to be exposed to a magnetic field emanatedfrom the second pole of the damper magnet, wherein an electrical currentin the plurality of radial damper actuator coils causes a force to beexerted on the damper magnet.
 16. The downhole-type blower system ofclaim 15, wherein the damper magnet is a first damper magnet facing theplurality of radial damper actuator coils with the second pole, andwherein the system further comprises a second damper sensing magnetpositioned on axially opposite the plurality of radial damper actuatorcoils and oriented to face the plurality of radial damper actuator coilswith a pole opposite the second pole, further comprising: a firstprinted circuit board (PCB) comprising the plurality of radial velocitysensing coils; and a second printed circuit board (PCB) comprising theplurality of radial damper actuator coils.
 17. A downhole-typecompressor system, comprising; a compressor configured to be positionedin a wellbore, the compressor configured to rotatably drive a fluidproduced through the wellbore; an electric machine configured to bepositioned downhole of the compressor, the electric machine configuredto rotatably drive the compressor; a bearing shaft coupling thecompressor and the electric machine, the bearing shaft configured totransfer rotation between the compressor and the electric machine; apassive magnetic radial bearing assembly configured to magneticallysupport the bearing shaft; an active electronic damper assembly coupledto the bearing shaft, the damper assembly configured to damp a vibrationof the bearing shaft responsive to transferring the rotation between thecompressor and the electric machine; and an active damper coupled to thebearing shaft, the damper configured to damp a vibration of the bearingshaft responsive to transferring the rotation between the blower and theelectric machine, wherein the active damper assembly comprises: a dampermagnet coupled to the bearing shaft, the damper magnet positionedbetween the plurality of radial bearing assemblies, wherein thevibration of the bearing shaft induces an induced vibration in thedamper magnet; a first damper magnet pole shoe and a second dampermagnet pole shoe coupled to a first pole and a second pole, respectivelyof the damper magnet, the first damper magnet pole shoe and the seconddamper magnet pole shoe configured to maintain uniformity of magneticfields generated by the damper magnet; and a damper sleeve positionedover outer diameters of the damper magnet, the first damper magnet poleshoe and the second damper magnet pole shoe.